Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2.1.5.1 Nomenclature
Symbols
u
(
t
)
input signal
y
(
t
)
output signal
U
(
z
)
Z
-transform of
u
(
t
)
Y
(
z
)
Z
-transform of
y
(
t
)
T
i
,
T
o
temperatures of the inside and outside air surrounding the
wall
T
i
(
z
) and
T
o
(
z
)
z-
transform of the temperatures
T
i
and
T
o
A
,
B
,
C
,
D
coefficients of the wall conduction matrix
q
′(
t
)
indoor heat flux at the current time
A
indoor surface area of a wall
N
MAX
number of used coefficients
Δ
t
time step
T
sol-air
sol-air temperature representing outdoor conditions
T
indoor
indoor temperature (assumed constant)
P
number of poles
2.2 Renewable Energy Generation Systems/
Technologies Integrated in Net ZEBs
Renewable energy generation systems and technologies commonly
integrated in Net ZEBs, including the following, are reviewed here.
- Building-integated photovoltaics and their integration
- Solar thermal systems
- Active building-integrated thermal storage
- Heat pump systems
- Combined heat and power systems.
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