Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Miall, A.D. (1990): Principles of sedimentary basin analysis.
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Further reading
: K173, K184, K189, K190, K192, K193
distribution of benthic organisms is controlled by pro-
gressively higher trophic resource levels (from lower
mesotroph to eutroph) and restricted marine conditions
from relatively offshore to nearshore regions.
The sediments are typified by pervasive bioturba-
tion and common to abundant fossils. Using variations
in fossil content and lithologic composition, four ma-
jor facies association have been differentiated:
•
Large foraminiferan-bryozoan facies association,
comprising 3 compositional types;
•
Echinoid-bryozoan facies association, comprising
4 compositional types;
•
Mollusk facies association, comprising 6 composi-
tional types;
•
Clay facies.
These distal facies types yield predominantly larger
foraminifera, bryozoans, mollusks, and echinoderms.
Bioturbation is common in all facies types. The matrix
is usually a microbioclastic packstone. Common tex-
ture types are bioclastic floatstones and rudstones char-
acterized by large fossils within a microbioclastic pack-
stone matrix. Almost all microfacies types would cor-
respond to SMF 8 and SMF 9! The grain association of
some facies types corresponds to the biomol, bryomol,
foramol and rhodechfor association of cool-water en-
vironments.
Computer modeling
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depositional systems from a late Jurassic epeiric platform
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Bice, D.M. (1991): Computer simulation of carbonate plat-
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T.H.G. (1994): Computer modeling a Miocene carbonate
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Bosscher, H., Schlager, W. (1992): Computer simulation of
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Bosscher, H., Southam, J. (1992): C
ARBPLAT
- a computer
model to simulate the development of carbonate platforms.
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, 235-238
Burgess, P.M. (2001): Modeling carbonate sequence devel-
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29
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Demicco, R.V., Spencer, R.J., Waters, B.C., Cloyd, K.C.
(1991): Two-dimensional computer model of a Cambrian
Basics: Carbonate depositional systems and facies zones
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Edinger, E.N., Copper, P., Risk, M.J., Atmoryo, W. (2002):
Oceanography and reefs of Recent and Paleozoic tropical
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47
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Gischler, E., Lomando, A.J. (2000): Isolated carbonate plat-
forms of Belize, Central America: sedimentary facies, late
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Handford, C.R., Loucks, R.G. (1993): Carbonate depositional
sequences and system tracks - responses of carbonate plat-
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developments and applications. - American Association
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Irwin, M.L. (1965): General theory of epeiric clear water sedi-
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James, N.P., Kendall, A.C. (1992): Introduction to carbonate
and evaporite facies models. - In: Walker, R.G., James,
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Lukasik, J.L., James, N.P., McGowran, B., Bone, Y. (2000):
An epeiric ramp: low-energy, cool-water carbonate facies
in a Tertiary inland sea, Murray Basin, South Australia. -
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