Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 21.2
Lycopene Effects on Prostate Cell Proliferation, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis
Measurement
and Methods
Reference
Cell Type
Lycopene Treatment
Solvent
Incubation
Outcome
Barber et al.
(2006)
Primary benign epithelial
cells (PECs) isolated at
the time of surgery
(
n
= 6)
PSA-secreting
LNCaP used as
comparison
THF
48 h
Proliferation
measured as
BrdU
incorporation
into DNA
Both normal and cancer cells showed reduced BrdU
incorporation (49%-23%) as the dose of lycopene was
increased from 1 to 15
1-20 μM lycopene
(Sigma)
μ
M
Obermuller-
Jevic et al.
(2003)
PrEC-non-neoplastic cells
All-
trans
/5%
cis
isomers: 0.5-5.0 μM
THF affected
cell cycle,
corrected for
THF alone
values
48 h
medium
changed
every 24 h
Lycopene uptake
0.885 and 0.704 nmol/g protein at 24 and 72 h,
respectively
3
H thymidine
incorporation for
proliferation
30% inhibition at 0.5 μM
60% inhibition at 1.0 μM
80% inhibition at 2.0
μ
M
Cell cycle by l ow
cytometry and
cyclins D and E
Arrest in GO/G1 stage only at 5 μM
Cyclin D
1
slightly depressed at 0.5 μM, completely
suppressed at 5 μM cyclin E not affected
Kim et al.
(2002)
LNCaP
Lyco-Red 10
−9
-10
−4
M
Water-
dispersible
24, 48, 72 h
Direct cell counts
Cell numbers 20% lower at 0.1 μM
24% lower at 1.0 μM at 24 h
25.6% lower at 10 μM at 48 h
Hwang and
Bowen
(2004)
LNCaP
Roche 10% water
miscible beadlets
0.1-5.0 μM
DMSO in
H
2
O
6, 24, 48 h
Lycopene uptake
50 ng/μg protein at 1 μM at 24 h
62 ng/μg protein at 5 μM at 24 h
Cell viability by
Trypan blue
exclusion
Cell cycle by l ow
cytometry
No change at 6 h
25% inhibition at 0.1
μ
M at 24 and 48 h
40% inhibition at 1.0
μ
M at 24 h
65% inhibition at 5.0
M at 24 h
Cell cycle arrest only at 5
μ
μ
M—S phase change from 45%
to 29%
Hwang and
Bowen
(2005b)
Tomato paste hexane
extract
Apoptosis by
Annexin V
binding
Increased 1.5- and 2.5-fold at 1 μM at 24 and 48 h
Increased 2.7-, 8.2-, and 6.6-fold at 5 μM at 6, 24, and
48 h, respectively; lycopene alone slightly less effective
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