Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
2
OLTC
PHEV
Battery
Slack
Electrical
network
3
PHEV
Battery
Compressor
1
2
CHP
Slack
Natural gas
network
3
Thermal
storage
Figure 1.5
The deployment of embedded technologies, such as CHP and PHEV
units, with storage capabilities increases the flexibility in power
provision
of developing a single analytical framework that allows for simultaneous energy
flow assessment of urban infrastructures requires a few preliminary stages in which
the basic components of each vector are modelled. Although the task may seem
complicated, the first question that needs to be answered is: 'How can we analyse
the operation of two separate energy infrastructures in conjunction with small-scale
DERs?'
To address this question it is essential to formulate an integrated time coordinated
optimal power flow (TCOPF) that can evaluate the performance of each element in
the infrastructures; furthermore, this formulation has to be flexible enough to easily
incorporate DER technologies into the analysis. Hence, the integrated power flow
tool is a means to an end; this end being to optimise in a coordinated manner the
operation of natural gas and electrical infrastructures under the presence of DERs -
thus paving the way in which smart-grids could be managed.
Naturally, in order to formulate the optimal power flow problem a basic set of
parameters and input data need to be taken into consideration, these can be as elaborate
as the features desired, for example they could include:
Gas and electric power network topologies and characteristics;
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Thermal and electric power load profiles per network;
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