Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.14
Electric power peak-to-base load
demand ratios
TCOPF case
Peak-to-base load demand ratio
1
4.52
2
2.11
3
2.55
4
2.55
5
2.32
6
4.04
7
4.41
Case 5 has a smooth profile; the base load is consistent throughout the early
morning and the peak demand is severely reduced and constant as well. Aside
from the technical benefits of this operating strategy, the economic costs seem to
be reasonable since they are lower than the values obtained from cases 2-4;
●
Cases 6 and 7 give attractive techno-economical results, clearly taking advantage
of times of low price electricity. Still, the base-to-peak demand ratios are similar
to case 1 because economic signals create irregular charging patterns (
i.e.
2 a.m.-
8 a.m.). Thus, these results build the case for an efficient coordination from the
aggregator in order to make the most of load flexibility in DERs. Furthermore, it
can be seen that the price of carbon (set at £30 tCO
2
/
MWh) considered in case 7
is insufficient to alter DER management significantly when compared to case 6.
●
6.2.6 PHEV technology
Like the micro-CHP results portrayed in subsection 6.2.4, this section describes the
optimal dispatch of PHEV technologies at a distribution level. Table 6.15 portrays
the techno-economic results from the different formulations while Figures 6.25 and
6.26 describe the aggregated nodal G2V and V2G power injections obtained from
the various simulations; these figures push the boundaries in this field of power
systems.
Table 6.15
Techno-economic results of PHEV technologies
TCOPF
G2V
Time of peak
V2G
Time of peak
case
(MWh
el
)
G2V (h)
(MWh
el
)
V2G (h)
1
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
2
10.23
Midnight and 6 a.m.
1.848
6.30 p.m.
3
10.23
Midnight
1.848
6:30 p.m.
4
10.23
Early morning
1.848
7 p.m.
5
10.23
Early morning
1.848
7 p.m.
6
10.23
2 a.m. to 5 a.m.
1.848
6:30 p.m.
7
10.23
2 a.m. to 5 a.m.
1.848
6:30 p.m.
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