Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.2
Known and potential vector species of
Plasmodium vivax
—
cont'd
Species, species
complex* or
group
Distribution
and bionomics
reviewed by MAP
†
P. vivax
vector
(Yes/No)
‡
Notes and reference(s)
An. leucosphyrus
Dönitz &
An.
latens
Sallum &
Peyton
Yes (sister species
in the Leuco-
sphyrus Com-
plex)
Yes
P. vivax
circumsporozoite proteins have been detected in
An. leucosphyrus
specimens sampled in Malaysia (
Seng et al., 1999
). However, the species
sampled was most likely
An. latens
, which was commonly misidentified as
its sister species
An. leucosphyrus
(
Sallum et al., 2005
).
An. ludlowae
(Theobald)
No
?
No references were found to confirm that
An. ludlowae
transmits
P. vivax
, but
it is a potential vector in areas where vivax malaria is found (e.g. the Phil-
ippines and Indonesia) (
Lien et al., 1977
;
Wooster and Rivera, 1985
).
An. minimus
complex
Yes
Yes
P. vivax
was detected in specimens collected in Thailand (VK210 and VK247)
(
Coleman et al., 2002
) and India (VK247) (
Prakash et al., 2004
).
An. minimus
has also been experimentally infected with
P. vivax
from
monkeys (
Rattanarithikul et al., 1996
;
Collins et al., 2009
).
An. nigerrimus
Giles
No
Yes
P. vivax
(VK210) circumsporozoite proteins have been detected in
An. nigerrimus
sampled in China (
Alam et al., 2010
) and
An. nigerrimus
has
been incriminated as a vector there (
WHO, 1986
).
An. sinensis
Wiedemann
Yes (part of the
Hyracanus
Group)
Yes
P. vivax
(VK210 and VK247) was detected in specimens collected in the
Republic of Korea (
Lee et al., 2002
). Deliberate infection was also observed
in laboratory conditions (
Shin et al., 2002
).
An. subpictus
complex
Yes
Yes
P. vivax
circumsporozoite proteins have been detected in
An. subpictus
sampled
in Sri Lanka (
Amerasinghe et al., 1991a
).
An. sundaicus
complex
Yes
Yes(?)
An. sundaicus
is described as a vector of primarily
P. falciparum
malaria,
implying that it will also transmit
P. vivax
(
Am et al., 1993
) and
P. vivax
oocysts and sporozoites have been found in infected laboratory colonies
(
Adak et al., 2005
).
