Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.2
Known and potential vector species of
Plasmodium vivax
Distribution
and bionomics
reviewed by MAP
†
P. vivax
vector
(Yes/No)
‡
Species, species
complex
*
or group
Notes and reference(s)
Asia
An. atroparvus
van
Thiel
Yes
Yes(?)
An. atroparvus
has been shown to be experimentally infected with
P. vivax
by
humans (
Daskova and Rasnicyn, 1982
) and (
Collins et al., 1980
;
Collins et al.,
2009
). This species has been shown to be refractory to
P. falciparum
infection (
de
Zulueta et al., 1975
;
Daskova and Rasnicyn, 1982
;
Romi et al., 2001
).
An. baimaii
Sallum
& Peyton
Yes (part of the
An. dirus
com-
plex)
Yes(?)
P. vivax
and
P. falciparum
are commonly found in
An. baimaii
(
Sallum et al.,
2005
;
Obsomer et al., 2007
), but original sources do not differentiate the
members of the Dirus Complex (
Prakash et al., 2001
).
An. culicifacies
complex
Yes
Yes
Naturally
P. vivax
-infected
An. culicifacies
were found in Madhya Pradesh (Spe-
cies C and D) (
Subbarao et al., 1992
) and Uttar Pradesh (Species A) (
Sub-
barao et al., 1988
) in India, and in Sri Lanka (
Amerasinghe et al., 1991b
).
An. culicifacies
have been experimentally infected with
P. vivax
in from
infected monkeys (
Collins et al., 2009
) and laboratory colonies established
from wild caught
An. culicifacies
(Species A, B and C) were infected with
vivax from blood drawn from infected humans (
Adak et al., 1999
). Species
A and C showed relatively high oocyst infections but Species B did not.
Sporozoite infections were relatively high in Species A compared to Spe-
cies C and negligible in Species B. There is evidence that Species B may be
refractory to
P. vivax
infection (
Adak et al., 2006
;
Vijay et al., 2011
).
An. fluviatilis
complex
Yes
Yes(?)
Sporozoites were detected in specimens collected in Iran and the species is said
to transmit both
P. vivax
and
P. falciparum
(
Eshghi et al., 1976
). Both oocytes
and sporozoites were found in an
An. fluviatilis
(Species T) laboratory colony
infected by human volunteers under controlled conditions (
Adak et al., 2005
).
