Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.2
Predicted basic values for bonding energy and length, along the associated bondonic life-
time and velocity fraction from the light velocity for a system featuring unity ratios of bondonic
mass and charge, respecting the electron values, through employing the basic formulas (12.17),
(12.7), (12.2), and (12.16), respectively (Putz
2010b
, 2012)
X
bond
[Å]
v
c
[%]
m
m
0
e
e
E
bond
[
kcal/mol
]
t
B
[
10
15
]
(seconds)
×
ς
v
=
ς
m
=
ς
e
=
10
−
3
1
87.86
10.966
4.84691
1
0.4827
×
1
182019
53.376
99.9951
4.82699
×
10
−
4
1
4.82699
×
10
−
5
10
18201.9
533.76
99.9951
1
10
−
6
100
1820.19
5337.56
99.9951
4.82699
×
1
observable in the femtosecond regime for increasing bond length and decreasing
the bonding energy—under the condition the chemical bonding itself still exists for
certain {
X
bond
,
E
bond
} combinations (Putz
2010b
,
2012b
);
On the other side, the situation in which the bondon will weigh as much as one
electron may be assumed as the custom case (Putz
2010b
,
2012b
); nevertheless, it is
accompanied by quite reasonable chemical bonding length and energy information
that it can carried at a low fraction of the light velocity, however with very low
charge as well. Nevertheless, the discovered bonding energy-length relationship
from Table
12.2
, based on Eq. (12.16), namely (Putz
2010b
,
2012a
,
b
,
c
,
d
)
E
bond
[
kcal/mol
]
×
X
bond
[Å]
=
182,019
(12.19)
should be used in setting appropriate experimental conditions in which the bondon
particle
B
may be observed as carrying the unit electronic charge yet with almost
zero mass. In this way,
the bondon is affirmed as a special particle of Nature, that
when behaving like an electron in charge it is behaving like a photon in velocity and
like neutrino in mass, while having an observable (at least as femtosecond) lifetime
for nanosystems having chemical bonding in the range of hundred of Angstroms
and thousands of kcal/mol
! Such a peculiar nature of a bondon as the quantum
particle of chemical bonding, the central theme of Chemistry, is not as surprising
when noting that Chemistry seems to need both a particle view (such as offered by
relativity) and a wave view (such as quantum mechanics offers), although nowadays
these two physics theories are not yet fully compatible with each other, or even each
fully coherent internally. Maybe the concept of 'bondons' will help to improve the
situation for all concerned by its further conceptual applications (Putz
2010b
,
2012a
,
b
,
c
,
d
).
For instance, Eq. (12.19) prescribes that a nano-system with hundred atoms that
comprise an energy about 1,000 kcal/mol may have a spanned maximum bonding
for 182.019 Å that it can be detected across the ends of a nanotube of length 18 nm,
while a bonding system may support along 100 Å (e.g. along a nanotube of lenght
10 nm) maximum of 1,820 kcal/mol due to bosonic condensation of bondons (Putz
and Ori
2012
).
