Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.5 Types of standard drive cycles by geographical region
Region
Cycle
Time idling % Max. speed
(kph)
Avg. speed
(kph)
Max. accel.
(m/s
2
)
Asia-Pacific
10-25
32.4
70
22.7
0.79
Europe
NEDC
27.3
120
32.2
1.04
NA-City
EPA-city
19.2
91.3
34
1.60
NA-Hwy
EPA-hwy
0.7
96.2
77.6
1.43
NA-US06
EPA
7.5
129
77.2
3.24
Industry
Real world
20.6
128.6
51
2.80
of the population are assumed to drive their vehicles. Notice that maximum speeds
increase going from Japan, through North America to Europe being the highest.
3.4.2 Electric vehicle and regenerative electric vehicle cycles
for PHEVs
The resolution of fuel economy testing standards for plug-in and BEVs is under-
going signification updating as noted in Chapter 1. It appears that fuel economy
will be replaced with limits on CO
2
emissions per mile, for example,
<
250 g CO
2
/mi,
phased in by 2016 in the US fuel economy, and emissions testing of PHEVs at
present relies on a sequence of standard drive cycles, 5 EV and 3 REV, of the type:
EV: UDDS + US06 + Hwy + UDDS + UDDS
●
REV: US06 + Hwy + UDDS
●
In this section the salient characteristics of each of these drive cycles are pre-
sented to highlight their commonality and differences (Figures 3.11-3.14). For
proper perspective, the vehicle speed scale has been normalized to 0-90 mph.
Length = 1,369 s, distance = 7.45 mi, average speed = 19.59 mph
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Test time (s)
Figure 3.11 Urban dynamometer drive cycle (UDDS)
