Effects of Exercise and Physical Interventions on Bone: Clinical Studies - Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Biomechanics and Mechanobiology - page 237

Meta-analyses of the effects of exercise training on spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm 2 ) Table 1

Reference Subjects Primary outcomes Studies included Major results: effect size (95% CI)

[ 8 ] Postmenopausal women,

50+ years, without
osteoporosis

LS, hip BMD 5 RCTs LS BMD 0.34 (-0.19-0.88)

13 CTs FN BMD 0.35 (-0.47-1.17)

Troch BMD 0.85 (-0.10-1.80)

[ 9 ] Postmenopausal women LS, hip BMD 18 RCTs LS BMD 1.79 (0.58-3.01)

Hip BMD 0.68 (-1.18-2.53)

[ 38 ] Postmenopausal women LS BMD 4 RCTs LS BMD 2.83 (1.33-4.35)

6 CTs (ET studies)

[ 39 ] Postmenopausal women Hip BMD 2 RCTs Hip BMD 0.43 (0.04-0.81)

4 CTs (ET studies) Equivalent to a between-group difference in BMD of 2.4%

(2.1% in exercisers, -0.3% in controls)

[ 40 ] Postmenopausal women Regional BMD 11 RCTs (ET, RT studies) Overall 0.27 (0.16-0.37)

ET 1.62 (1.12-2.12)

RT 0.65 (0.48-0.83)

[ 43 ] Men BMD, any region 2 RCTs Overall 0.028 (-0.166-0.230)

6 CTs LS BMD 0.749 (0.099-1.327)

Femur 0.482 (0.270-0.705)

[ 44 ] Pre- and postmenopausal

women

LS, femur, BMD 18 RCTs (RT studies) LS BMD 0.24 (0.11-0.38)

Femur BMD 0.07 (-0.20-0.15)
Equivalent to 1.3% for the LS and 0.4% for the femur

[ 45 ] Postmenopausal women LS BMD 7 RCTs LS BMD:

6 CTs Exercisers 0.005 ± 0.043

Controls -0.007 ± 0.045

Interaction effect, P \ 0.001
Group effect, P = 0.003
Equivalent to a 2% benefit in LS BMD (1% in exercisers,
-1% in controls)

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