Effects of Exercise and Physical Interventions on Bone: Clinical Studies - Skeletal Aging and Osteoporosis: Biomechanics and Mechanobiology - page 238

Table 1 (continued)

Reference Subjects Primary outcomes Studies included Major results: effect size (95% CI)

LS BMD (g/cm 2 ):
Exercisers

[ 41 ] Premenopausal women LS, FN BMD 3 CTs (individual data)

0.006 ± 0.035

Controls 0.008 ± 0.091

FN BMD (g/cm 2 ):
Exercisers

0.005 ± 0.031

Controls 0.003 ± 0.031

No significant effects

FN BMD (g/cm 2 ):

[ 42 ] Postmenopausal women FN BMD 5 RCTs

5 CTs (individual data) Exercisers 0.004 ± 0.039

Controls 0.001 ± 0.048

No significant effects

[ 53 ] Postmenopausal women and elderly men Any BMD 5 RCTs No significant effects

2 CTs (tai chi studies)

[ 61 ] Postmenopausal women LS, FN, total hip BMD 15 RCTs (RT studies) LS BMD 0.006 (0.002-0.011)

FN BMD 0.010 (-0.002-0.021)

Hip BMD 0.002 (-0.001-0.005)

[ 62 ] Premenopausal women LS, FN BMD 6 RCTs, 1 CT (RT studies) LS BMD 0.014 (0.009-0.019)

FN BMD 0.001 (-0.006-0.008)

[ 58 ] Postmenopausal women LS, FN BMD 5 RCTs, 3 CTs (walking studies) LS BMD 0.007 (-0.001-0.016)

FN BMD 0.014 (0.000-0.028)

[ 59 ] Postmenopausal women LS, FN, total hip BMD 10 RCTs LS BMD 0.015 (0.005-0.025)

5 CT (impact exercise) FN BMD 0.008 (0.004-0.013)

Hip BMD 0.013 (0.001-0.024)

[ 60 ] Premenopausal women LS, FN BMD 6 RCTs, 3 CTs (impact exercise) LS BMD 0.006 (0.002-0.010)

FN BMD 0.012 (0.005-0.020)

(continued)