Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Diaphyseal changes—lower extremity
% Change per decade*
Authors
Materials
Method
Study
design
Bone
Sex
D_P
D_M
TA
MA
CA
Moment
of inertia
a
b
b
b
b, c
Smith & Walker [
10
]
2030 women 45-90 years
AP radiographs
CS
Femur
Female
3.1
10.2
6.4
21.3
2.9
8.6
-2.1
b
(NS)
1.7
b
(NS)
Martin & Atkinson [
4
]
31 cadavers (18 female,
13 male) 22-82 years
Bone sections
CS
Femur
Female
-1.1 (NS)
0.8 (NS)
-5.0
-5.0 (NS)
d
b
6.2
b
(NS)
Male
1.0 (NS)
3.1 (NS)
2.1
(NS)
-3.7 (NS)
2.8 (NS)
a
Feik et al. [
2
]
180 cadavers (87 female,
93 male) 21-100 years
Bone sections
CS
Femur
Female
-
-
4.1
17.9
-2.7
-
Male
-
-
2.6
10.3
-0.2 (NS)
-
e
f
e, g
Sigurdsson et al. [
8
]
1715 subjects (908 female,
807 male) 67-93 years
QCT
CS
Femur
Female
-
-
3.1
14.7
-3.7
-
e
f
e, g
Male
-
-
2.8
4.9
0.4
-
Ruff & Hayes [
5
]
75 cadavers (37 female, 38
male) 20-99 years
Bone sections
CS
Femur
Female
-
-
1.1 (NS)
10.8
-5.9
-1.8 (NS)
Male
-
-
1.8
8
-1.6 (NS)
1.9 (NS)
Tibia
Female
-
-
1.0 (NS)
10.4
-5.6
-2.0 (NS)
Male
-
-
2.7
8.8
-0.1 (NS)
3.7
Russo et al. [
6
,
7
]
h
a
i
1205 subjects (693 female,
512 male) 20-102 years
pQCT
CS
Tibia
Female
-
-
0.6
11.6
-3.1
-1.6
-0.6 (NS)
i
(continued)
Male
-
-
3.1
9.9
0.5 (NS)
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