ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY FOR MEDICINE - Life at the Nanoscale: Atomic Force Microscopy of Live Cells - page 416

Medical imaging
Nanoparticles for
MRI, ultrasound
contrast
Supermagnetic iron
oxide nanoparticles

Detection of small
tumours

Magnetic Nanoclinic is a thin silica bubble,
the surface of which can be customized
using a peptide carrier group to selectively
target cancer cells. Inside the bubble are
ferromagnetic nanoparticles that exhibit a
strong inclination to align in the direction of
a magnetic ield

In vitro diagnostic
devices/sensors
Nanotubes,
nanowires,
nanocantilevers,
AFM

High sensitivity
detection
of analytes,
infectious agents,
pathophysiology
of single cells,
biomolecules

Nanomix Carbon nanotube-based sensors
for monitoring respiratory functions
Bioforce Uses AFM for detecting whole
viruses
Cell Tracks Ferroluids for cancer cell
detection
Nanochips DNA/RNA microarray technology;
Implantable Personal ID device +

Biomaterials
Dental illers, nano-
hydroxyapatite
implant coating

Self-assembling
particles or
nanomaterials
with improved
biocompatibility
and mechanical
properties

Nanoscale CAP dual acid etched surfaces
improves bone healing
Retina Implantat AG
Bone replacement materials: Hydroxyapatite
(HA) tricalcium phosphate-Ostim®,

VITOSS®
Nanostructured HA for hip, knee implant
coating and dental prostheses

Bioimplants

Long-term
detection and
assessment

EKG monitor glucose sensors, implantable
cardioverter deibrillator +

+
FDA approved

20.2 AFM FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS

Cancer is a complex disease involving multiple molecular and cellular
processes arising from a gradual accumulation of genetic changes in
individual cells ( Fig. 20.2 ) . It continues to be the leading cause of death
worldwide and is presently responsible for about 25% of all deaths. 3 It is
estimated that there will be about 15 million new cases of cancer annually by
2010. 4 National Cancer Institute committed $114 billion for nanotechnology
research on cancer detection. Earlier diagnosis has been shown to be the
most important factor in prognostic outcome

5

highlighting the critical need