Application of Risk Theory in Man–Machine–Environment Systems - Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics - page 171

S Value of possible damage, it is chosen from interval 1; 10

k l

1 Accidents with light consequences
10 Accidents with very hard consequences, including death

Ex Exposure to hazard frequency and duration from interval 1; 2

/ / k l

1 Temporary, seldom exposure
2 Frequent or permanent exposure

Wa Probability of accident combined with the correction factor of device 0.5; 1.5

k l

0.5 Low level of probability, proper technical protection
1.5 High level of probability without any technical protection

Ve Possibility of prevention, from interval k 0.5; 1 l

0.5 High prevention
1 Low prevention

U-factor is determined as: U ¼ Ua þ Ub þ Uc,

Ua Arrangement of working area, from interval 0.5; 1

k l

0.5 Suitable, well-arranged working place

1 Distressed surroundings

Ub Ergonomical conditions, from interval 0.3; 0.6

k l

0.3 Pleasant working conditions
0.6 Hard conditions

Uc Other negative influences, from interval 0.2; 0.4

k l

0.2 Almost none
0.4 Heavy loads carrying

P-factor is determined as: P Q þ Psi þ O

¼

Q Degree of personal qualification, from interval 0; 10

k l

0 Person without qualification, inexperienced
10 Person fully qualified

Psi Personal psychological ability to perform given work, from interval 0; 3

k l

0 Very bad ability
3 Very good ability

O Level of work organization, from interval k 0; 5 l

0 Zero-level of organization
5 High level

8.3.3 Example 3
Determination of acceptable risk level is the most important step. If it is not exactly determined, it will
limit the value for the acceptance of technical risk. It depends on various influences, for example, state of
science, working relations, legislation and social policy. Acceptable risk is such a risk, which can be
accepted from the human and technical point of view.
Metallurgy is always a very important factor of economical development of each economy. Branches
like chemistry, electrotechnics, power engineering and metallurgy create the base for the fast, successful
and continuous economical growth. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the technical risk in the
metallurgical technologies.
There is one most serious problem in the day-to-day metallurgical operation from the technical risk
point of view: this problem is the transport of liquid metal and their manipulation.