Environmental Engineering Reference
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nationals and 10 per cent were expatriates. One-third of total employment in this
sector was found in northern Botswana, though these employees earned 64 per
cent of the total wage bill (see Table 8.7). That is, approximately 200 employees
earned $US1.3 million in northern Botswana, while in Livingstone 416 employees
earned $US740,000.
Table 8.7
Revenue and operating expenditures ('000s), KAZA region
tour operators, 2004
Regional Total
Enterprise average
Enterprise median
($US)
($US)
($US)
Revenue
Total
10,833
387
213
Tours
10,398
371
213
Food and drinks
435
16
0
Operating expenditures
Total wages and salaries
2052
73
21
Non-wage operating costs
4791
171
53
Taxes
1242
44
9
Table 8.8
Employment in KAZA region tour operators, 2004
Total
Average
Median
Total employment
616
24
13
Local male
425
17
9
Local female
117
5
3
Non-local national
4
0
0
KAZA national
9
0
0
Expatriate
61
2
0
In 2004, a total of 542 local workers were employed, just 1 of them in part-time
employment. Of these workers, 78 per cent were male and only 22 per cent
female; 32 per cent of local workers were employed in northern Botswana opera-
tions and 68 per cent worked for Livingstone tour operators.
Across the region, tour operators spent on average 58 per cent of non-wage
operating costs locally - with these expenditures ranging between 10 and 100 per
cent for different enterprises. Of the total spent locally on non-wage operating
costs, 74 per cent was made by enterprises in northern Botswana; only 26 per cent
of total non-wage operating expenditures were made by enterprises in and around
Livingstone.
Of the profit earned by locally-owned operations, 64 per cent of total local
tour operator profit was earned by northern Botswana enterprises, with
Livingstone entrepreneurs making only 38 per cent of locally retained profit in
the tour operator sector (Table 8.9).
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