MECHANICAL WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER - Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement - page 166

TABLE 6.1 Techniques to Calculate Internal Work in Movement

Technique Work Components Not Accounted for by Technique

Increase PE or KE
Fenn (1929)
Saunders et al.
(1953)
Liberson (1965)

Energy exchange within
segments and
transfers between
segments

Simultaneous increases
or decreases in
reciprocally moving
segments

Simultaneous
generation and
absorption at
different joints

Cocontractions Work against g

Center of mass
Cavagna and
Margaria (1966)

Simultaneous increases
or decreases in
reciprocally moving
segments

Simultaneous
generation and
absorption at
different joints

Cocontractions Work against g

Segment energies
Winter (1979)

Simultaneous
generation and
absorption at
different joints

Cocontractions Work against g

Joint power*
∫

Cocontractions Work against g

M j ω j dt
Winter (1983)

Muscle power*
∫ F m V m dt

Work against g