Chemistry Reference
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Scheme 10
immunogenic for the parent serotypes in mice and rabbits with elevated
complement-mediated bactericidal activity against the homologous
strain. This led to a conclusion that the protective epitope is located in a
region of the LPS molecule associated with the serotype specificity.
Therefore, a synthetic oligosaccharide could be an important alternative
for the vaccine development in this case. The octasaccharide (31) repre-
senting the outer part of the serotype A was the first synthesis to be ac-
complished.
112
The synthesis of a large number of fragments up to
undecamer and their conjugates was recently reported by Ancora
pharmaceutical.
113
Some of the oligosaccharide-protein conjugates elicit
a cross-reactive protection and were therefore identified as potential
vaccine candidates.
3 Diarrheal disease
3.1 Shigella flexneri 2a (Sf2a)
Shigellosis is endemic throughout the world where it is held responsible
for some 120 million cases of severe dysentery with blood and mucus in
the stools, the overwhelming majority of which occurs in developing
countries and involves children less than five years of age.
114
In an early attempt to develop a conjugate vaccine against shigellosis,
the polysaccharide portion from the LPS of S. sonnei serotype 1 and Sf2a
were isolated and conjugated to several carrier proteins. The resulting
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