Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Species
CO
2
(g) (ppmv);
p
CO
2
(μatm); pH; Ω; [CO
3
2-
]
(μmol kg
-1
)
Other
variables/
comments
Duration
Observed effect(s)
Ref.
Lithophyllum cabiochae
p CO
2
: 397; 436; 703; 753
pH
T
: 8.08; 8.05; 7.87; 7.85
Ω
a
: 5.26; 5.43; 3.54; 3.72
Temperature
392 days
Algal necrosis was observed at the end of summer at elevated T of 3°C above
ambient T (60% necrosis at high CO
2
and 30% at ambient CO
2
). Calcii cation
was initially reduced under high CO
2
, but during summer, calcii cation was
only reduced in response to high CO
2
and T combined. Independently of CO
2
treatment, calcii cation increased during autumn and winter with increasing T .
Dissolution of dead algae was two- to fourfold higher under high
CO
2
compared with ambient CO
2
.
[45]
Lithophyllum sp.
CO
2
: 380; 550
Nutrients
76 days
High CO
2
and high nutrients both independently decreased biomass of coralline
crusts. The largest decrease was observed when these treatments were
combined. No new recruitment occurred under high-CO
2
conditions. The
photosynthetic yield decreased owing to high CO
2
but was unaffected by
high nutrients.
[68]
Mesophyllum sp .
p H
U
: 8.3-8.9
2.5 h
Calcii cation increased 1.6-fold in response to an increase in pH
U
from ~8.3 to
~8.9 induced by photosynthesis by seagrass.
[70]
Net calcii cation rate (wt% day
-1
) increased linearly between Ω
a
0.7 to 2.0 but
decreased in the high-Ω
a
treatment.
Neogoniolithon spp.
CO
2
: 409; 606; 903; 2856
60 d
[64]
Ω
a
: 2.5; 2.0; 1.5; 0.7
Porolithon gardineri
Ω
c
: 1-8.6
3-6 months
Extension rate and skeletal MgCO
3
content decreased linearly as a function of
decreasing Ω
a
.
[1], [42]
Calcii cation (wt% month
-
1
) and net productivity decreased by 130 to 190%
and 45 to 160%, respectively, in response to high CO
2
. These conditions also led
to bleaching by 40 to 50%. The negative response was exacerbated by warming.
Net dissolution was observed in the high CO
2
treatment.
Porolithon onkodes
p CO
2
: 130-465; 520-705;
1010-1360
Temperature
8 weeks
[3]
pH
SWS
: 8.0-8.4; 7.85-7.95;
7.60-7.70 Ω
a
: 3.3-7.1;
2.5-3.5; 1.5-2.2
Algae lost weight at a rate of -0.9 g yr
-1
in the high-CO
2
treatment compared
with gaining 0.6 g yr
-1
in ambient conditions.
Rhodolith ( Lithophyllum cf. pallescens ,
Hydrolithon sp., Porolithon sp.)
p CO
2
: 414; 670 (midday) pH
NBS
:
8.17; 7.97
268 days
[33]
Ω
a
: 2.91; 1.95
Annelida
Hydroides crucigera
Marginal increase in net calcii cation rate (wt% day
-
1
) as a function of
increasing Ω
a
, although the correlation coefi cient was very low.
C O
2
: 409; 606; 903; 2856
60 days
[64]
Ω
a
: 2.5; 2.0; 1.5; 0.7
Nereis virens
p H
U
: eight treatments between
pH 5.07 and 8.12
Temperature
10-30 days
No negative effects at pH levels expected as a result of anthropogenic ocean
acidii cation. Negative effects in terms of mortality, burrowing activity, and
dry weight were not observed until pH
U
< 6.5.
[5]
Vermetids
p CO
2
: 414; 670 (midday)
pH
NBS
: 8.17; 7.97
268 days
No signii cant difference in recruitment.
[33]
Ω
a
: 2.91; 1.95
