Physics Data - Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of their Ice Cover - page 277

3. Properties of liquid freshwater references (at pressure 1 bar) (see Table A.3 ).

Table A.3.
Molecular weight (g mol - 1 ) 18.016

Gas constant for vapour (J ° C - 1 kg - 1 ) 461

Temperature of maximum density ( ° C) 3.98

Boiling point ( ° C) 100

Triple point 0.1 ° C, 611.73 Pa

Thermal emissivity 0.97

0 ° C

10 ° C

Density of water (kg m - 3 ) 999.84 999.70

Viscosity (N s m - 1 ) 1.793 × 10 - 3 1.307 × 10 - 3

Surface tension (N m - 1 )

75.64 74.23

Speci c heat of water (kJ kg - 1

° C - 1 )

4.2176 4.1921

Thermal conductivity (W m - 1 ° C - 1 ) 0.561 0.580

Relative permittivity 87.90 83.96

Latent heat of evaporation (MJ kg - 1 )

2.49 2.47

4. Equation of state of sea water

qð T ; 0 ; 0 Þ¼ 999 : 842594 þ 6 : 793952 10 2 T 9 : 095290 10 3 T 2 þ 1 : 001685 10 4 T 3
1 : 120083 10 6 T 4 þ 6 : 536332 10 9 T 5

Dð T ; S ; 0 Þ¼qð T ; 0 ; 0 Þþ S ð 0 : 824493 4 : 0899 10 3 T þ 7 : 6438 10 5 T 2
8 : 2467 10 7 T 3 þ 5 : 3875 10 9 T 4 Þþ S 3 = 2 ð 5 : 72466 10 3 þ 1 : 0227 10 4 T
1 : 6546 10 6 T 2 Þþ 4 : 8314 10 4 S 2

qð T ; S ; 0 Þ¼qð T ; 0 ; 0 ÞþDð T ; S ; 0 Þ

qð T ; S ; 0 Þ
1 p = K ð T ; S ; p Þ

qð T ; S ; p Þ¼

K ð T ; 0 ; 0 Þ¼ 19652 : 21 þ 148 : 206T 2 : 327105T 2 þ 1 : 360477 10 2 T 3 5 : 155288 10 5 T 4

Þ K ð T ; 0 ; 0 Þþ S 54 : 6746 0 : 603459T þ 1 : 09987 10 2 T 2 6 : 1670 10 5 KT ; S ; 0 ð

þ S 3 = 2 7 : 944 10 2 þ 1 : 6483 10 2 T 5 : 3009 10 4 T 2

Þ K ð T ; S ; 0 Þþ p ð 3 : 239908 þ 1 : 43713 10 3 T þ 1 : 16092 10 4 T 2
5 : 77905 10 7 T 3 Þþ pS 2 : 2838 10 3 1 : 0981 10 5 T 1 : 6078 10 6 T 2

KT ; S ; p ð

þ 1 : 91075 10 4 pS 3 = 2 þ p 2 ð 8 : 50935 10 5 6 : 12293 10 6 T þ 5 : 2787 10 8 T 2 Þ
þ p 2 S 9 : 9348 10 7 þ 2 : 0816 10 8 T þ 9 : 1697 10 10 T 2