Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
(0, 5, 0) = 999.96675 kg m
-
3
,
Values for checking are
ρ
ρ
(35, 5, 0) = 1027.67547 kg
m
-
3
, and
(0, 5, 0) = 1062.53817 kg m
-
3
.
ρ
A.2 Physical Information of the Environment
1. General physics constants
G = 6.67
×
10
-
11
Nm
2
kg
-
2
Gravitational constant
N
A
= 6.022142
×
10
23
Avogadro
'
s number
h = 6.626068
×
10
-
34
Js
Planck
'
s constant
k
B
= 1.3807
×
10
-
23
JK
-
1
Boltzmann
'
s constant
s = 5.670400
×
10
-
8
Wm
-
2
K
-
4
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
c
o
= 2.99792458
×
10
8
ms
-
1
Velocity of light in vacuum
R = 8.3145 J K
-
1
mol
-
1
Universal gas constant
Celcius
—
Kelvin conversion
T [K] = T [
°
C] + 273.15
2. Earth
Equatorial radius
6378.140 km
Polar radius
6356.755 km
5.101
×
10
14
m
2
Surface area
5515 kg m
-
3
Mean density
g = 9.80665 m s
-
2
Standard acceleration due to gravity
(at 45
°
latitude)
Period of rotation
23 h 56 min 4.10 s
Ω
= 0.7292
×
10
-
5
s
-
1
Rotation rate
Inclination of rotation axis
23
°
27'
3. Sun
Q
sc
= 1367 W m
-
2
Solar constant
Sunlight (400
-
700 nm) fraction
ʳ
≈
0.48 (range 0.44
-
0.50)
The Sun
-
Earth distance (r)
2
¼
1
:
000110
þ
0
:
034221
AU
r
cos
j
þ
0
:
001280
sin
j
þ
0
:
00719
cos
2j
þ
0
:
000077
sin
2j
10
9
m is the astronomical unit equal to the mean Earth
where AU = 149.60
·
Sun distance,
-
and j =(J
1)
·
2
π
/365, J is the day of year (J = 1.0 on January 1st, 00.00 h).
-
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