Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 17
Antifouling activities of authentic fatty acids against the blue mussel
Mytilus
edulis
and fatty acid composition of active fractions [72]
Sample amount (mg cm
-2
)
Unit
b
Fatty acids Composition
(%)
a
4.0
1.2
0.6
0.3
C
18
13.8
+
+
-
-
<
5
C
18:3
3.0
++
++
++
+
50
C
20:5
0.6
++
++
++
+
53
CuSO
4
100
a
Determined from each peak area
mol cm
-2
))
CuSO
4
(minimum dose for ++ activity (
µ
b
Unit: 100
×
mol cm
-2
))
Sample (minimum dose for ++ activity (
µ
Table 18
Activity of maesanin
761
and maesanol
762
against marine crustaceans
Artemia
salina
larvae [70]
Te s t c o n c e nt r a t i o n ( m g L
-1
)
50
25
10
5
2.5
1
0.5
Maesanin
761
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
Maesanol
762
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
PSA
a
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
TBTO
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
Evaluation criteria: 3:
>
90%kill;2:10-90%kill;1:
<
10% kill; TBTO was used as refer-
ence compound
a
PSA = 6-pentadecylsalicylic acid
Higher fatty acids showed the inhibition of settlement of the blue mus-
sels,
Mytilus edulis
. Especially, arachidonic acid
711
and palmitoleic acid
712
isolated from a marine sponge,
Phyllospongia papyracea
, showed a high
settlement inhibition to the mussels [68]. Goto et al. [71] pointed out the
synergistic effect of higher fatty acids.
Unsaturated higher fatty acids, isolated from octocoral
Dendronephtyya
sp., showed high antifouling properties against the blue mussel
Mytilus edulis
as shown in Table 17 [72]. The above arachidonic acid
711
and palmitoleic
acid
712
are also unsaturated higher fatty acids. A comparison of the antifoul-
ing activities of various fatty acids suggested that unsaturated fatty acids were
thought to be responsible for the activity [72].
Polyacetylene derivatives, e.g. callytetraynetriol
721
,isolatedfromama-
rine sponge,
Callyspongia truncata
, showed a potent metamorphosis-indu-
cing activity in the ascidian
Halocynthia roretzi
larvae, with ED
100
values of
0.13
gmL
-1
and show an antifouling activity against the barnacle
Balanus
amphitrite
larvae with ED
50
values of 0.24
µ
gmL
-1
[69].
µ
