Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Food Deficiency and Changing Livelihood:
Results suggested that
the average annual yield rate (total of non-monsoon and monsoon) has
decreased 27% during the period of two decades (1990-2010) in the study
area whereas the population increased with the growth rate of about 37%
during same time period (Table 11.9). Consequently due to food defi ciency
the people seek other resources to manage and adopt other occupations
which ultimately affect rural livelihood. The study brought out the facts
that during 2005-2010 only 38% of total household families were completely
involved in primary sectors occupations and 46 and 16% involved
respectively in secondary and tertiary sectors whereas during 1985-1990 out
of total household families 91% were involved in primary sectors occupation
whereas only 7 and 2% involved in secondary and tertiary sectors (Table
11.10). The average annual results of the 25 years analysis concluded that
on the one hand the household families increased at the rate of 4% every
year due to high rate of population growth whereas on the other hand, 2%
household families changed their livelihood occupations from the primary
sector to secondary and tertiary sectors by the same year (Table 11.10).
Table 11.10.
Changing livelihood pattern due to decreasing crop production and food defi ciency
in Dabka Watershed.
Occupational
Structure of
Livelihood
Household Families
1985-1990
2005-2010
Changes
(1985-2010)
Annual
Changes
No. of
Families
In %
No. of
Families
In %
No. of
Families
In %
No. of
Families
In %
Primary Sector
1154
91
905
38
-249
-53
-10
-2
Secondary Sector
89
7
1096
46
+1007
+39
+40
+2
Tertiary Sector
25
2
381
16
+356
+14
+14
+1
Total
1268
100
2382
100
+1114
+87
+45
+4
Conclusion
The study concluded that the climatic zones shifting towards higher
altitudes due to global climate change and affecting the favorable conditions
of the existing land-use pattern and decreased the oak and pine forests in
upstream areas. Consequently the high rates of deforestation accelerated
hydrological hazards in downstream areas during the monsoon and non-
monsoon periods. The non-monsoon hydrological hazards (i.e., decreasing
underground water level, drying up perennial springs and decreasing trends
of stream water discharge) reducing irrigation facilities and decreasing
the irrigated land by 2% each year whereas the monsoon hydrological
hazards (i.e., fl ood, soil erosion and water induce landslide) degraded 22%
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