Glossary - Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East and Southeast Asia - page 488

Glossary

Activity space The cumulative space employed in the activi-
ties of daily life.
Adi Granth The Sikh holy topic containing the teachings
Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism.
Adivasi Means “original inhabitant.” Applied to scheduled
tribes in India.
Aeolian Referring to wind.
Age of Exploration The period of European exploration of
the world beginning in the fifteenth century .
Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) The period during which
competing European powers acquired, controlled, and ex-
ploited colonies.
Ainu Aboriginal people of Japan. Now confined mainly on
Hokkaido.
Allah In Islam, “God.”
Alluvial soils Fertile, water-deposited soil.
Altitudinal zonation The variation in plant communities
caused by climatic change associated with increasing altitude.
Amenity-migration The movement of people to places offer-
ing amenities such as rest and recreation or a more comfort-
able climate.
Americanization

Asia-Pacific Similar to the economic concept of the Pacific
Rim. The countries of the Asia Pacific region trade primarily
with one another.
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) A regional trad-
ing block similar to the European Union (EU) or the North
American Free T Trade Association (NAFT A).
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Asoka The most important Mauryan ruler in India. Asoka
adopted Buddhism as the State religion.
Aung San Suu Kyi Leader of the National League for Democ-
racy (NLD) in Burma. She was under house arrest from July
1989 to November 2010.
Azad Kashmir Revolutionary government in northern

Kashmir.
Bagasse Sugarcane fiber.
Bamboo network T Trade network between China and Taiwan.
Bangla The Bangladeshi name for Bengali, the language of
Bangladesh.
Balikbayans Overseas Filipinos. They are important sources
of revenue for the Philippines.
Bao Dao The name for Taiwan as portrayed on ancient
Chinese maps.
Barani Dry , non-irrigated regions of Pakistan.
Bari The basic spatial unit in a Bangladeshi village consisting
of six houses built around a square or rectangular courtyard.
Base population

The promotion and acceptance of American

culture.
Ammonite

A flat, spiral fossil shell from the ancient T Tethys

Sea.
Analects The ideas of the Chinese philosopher and teacher
Confucius as recorded by his students.
Annam Chinese word meaning “the pacified south.” The
Chinese name for Vietnam during the Tang Dynasty . During
the period of French rule, one of the five territories of the
Indochinese Union.
Anti-globalization movement Argument that corporations
seek to maximize profits at the expense of fair compensation
and treatment of workers as well as environmental conserva-
tion and integrity of governments.
Aquaculture The cultivation of sea products such as shrimp,
oysters, seaweed, and pearls.
Aquifer A permeable subsurface rock layer that can store,
transmit, and supply water.
Archipelagoes Collections of islands. Japan, the Philippines,
and Indonesia are all archipelagoes.
Arithmetic density The number of people existing per square
mile or kilometer of land in a particular country .
Artesian basin An aquifer in which water is held under pres-
sure. Drilling a well would allow water to flow freely to the
surface without artificial pumping.
Aryans Relatively light-skinned nomadic herders who in-
vaded India from Central Asia around 1500 BC. The Aryans
spoke Sanskrit.

The actual population from which growth

or decline occurs.
Batavia The Dutch name for Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia.
Batavia was renamed Jakarta in 1945.
Benazir Bhutto The youngest and first female leader of a
Muslim state. Served as prime minister of Pakistan from 1988
to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1997. Assassinated in 2009.
Bible The holy scriptures of Christians and Jews. Christians
accept the whole Bible while Jews adhere only to the Old
T estament.
Bilateral aid Government to government transfers of cash,
low-interest loans, food, and the like.
Biodiversity The range of living organisms defined in terms
of genes, species, and ecosystems.
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) The measure of the
amount of oxygen required to support microorganisms that
break down organic wastes such as those found in raw
sewage.
Biome Major territorial ecosystem.
Biotech (BT) crops Genetically engineered seeds/crops.
Bodhisattva In Buddhism, a divine being such as Avalokites-
vara in Sanskrit, who postpones entry into nirvana in order to
save other beings; meaning “the lord who looks in every
direction.”

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