Case Studies of the Human Cardiovascular System - Computational Hemodynamics: Theory, Modelling and Applications - page 204

Fig. 7.18 Absolute TAWSS
value difference of the
healthy carotid bifurcation
with prescribed boundary
conditions and the DPVI
model. It is found that the
maximum value difference
is located at the apex of the
carotid bifurcation with a
value of 0.46 Pa

• Newtonian or non-Newtonian,
• the type of inlet/outlet conditions for the CCA inlet, and ICA and ECA outlet, and
the comparison of a numerical simulation of carotid artery for comparison with
available literature to validate the simulation's accuracy,
• corporation of mock vascular geometries that are needed to account for down-
stream resistance modelling.

In summary, the blood flow could be assumed as laminar. Transitional flows are
much more difficult to resolve and care must be taken when analysing the results in
terms of a laminar or turbulence model used. The Newtonian assumption was ap-
plicable when a higher shear rate (> 100/s) occurs. The type of inlet/outlet condition
for this type of artery requires a pressure boundary condition at the inlet and outlet
which allows for the flow to be forced through the CCA. Visualisation of the flow
field was performed through different post processing techniques such as velocity
vector, axial velocity profile, streamline, and WSS contour plots.

7.3 Comparison Analysis of Patient Specific Carotid

Bifurcation Models

7.3.1 Medical Image Reconstruction of Patient-Specific

Arteries

In this example, imaging of six patients was performed and a total of ten carotid
bifurcation models (with different branching and degrees of stenosis) were selected
for the simulation Fig. 7.19 . The case study subjects are labelled (1) to (6) with
the denotation (/L) and (/R) representing the left and right carotid bifurcations re-
spectively. The flow properties of the (/L) and (/R) bifurcations are compared. The