Case Studies of the Human Cardiovascular System - Computational Hemodynamics: Theory, Modelling and Applications - page 203

Fig. 7.17 Numerical results
of the healthy carotid
bifurcation haemodynam-
ics using DPVI modelling
method. The plots of the
WSS, TAWSS, OSI and
RRT flow properties based
on carotid bifurcation with
downstream peripheral
impedance model

The apex of the bifurcation divider-wall experiences maximum TAWSS (13.35 Pa)
compared to the remaining portion of the healthy carotid bifurcation. Because peak
TAWSS value is much lower than the threshold of 40 Pa, this site remains risk-free
from direct endothelial injury from the blood flow.
The comparative difference is shown in Fig. 7.18 where the peak TAWSS
magnitude difference (0.46 Pa) is located at the apex of the bifurcation, which only
accounts for 3.4 % of the maximum TAWSS value (13.35 Pa) at the same location.
This order of percentage difference validates the need for the porous medium im-
pedance model

7.2.8 Closure

In this case study, we stepped through each stage of CHD modelling. From medi-
cal image reconstruction, we express the arterial geometry that is used as a surface
mesh for flow simulation. Then, modelling requirements for steady blood flow were
shown. Particular attention was given to the critical issues of:

• the flow being laminar or turbulent ,
• steady or unsteady ,