Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
analgesia. It is generally considered to be relatively pain-
less and therefore very useful for multiple injections. There
are two techniques for administering a subcutaneous
injection. One is for the needle to be inserted at a 45
angle
into pinched up skin. When a short needle (less than 2.0
cm) is used, the injection is made perpendicularly into
pinched up skin.
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BODY CAVITIES
Abdominocentesis
Abdominocentesis is a procedure used to remove fluid from
the peritoneal cavity for either diagnostic procedures or for
removing a large volume of peritoneal effusion. Location of
the puncture site should be at the most dependent site to
optimize the collection of the peritoneal effusion and
should be away from major viscera. The puncture site
should be shaved and prepped in an aseptic manner; aseptic
technique should be performed throughout the procedure.
Sometimes a small skin incision is made so that insertion of
the needle is easier. To prevent injury to abdominal organs,
the needle is inserted slowly until it just enters the
abdomen. Alternatively, an angiocatheter may be placed
instead of a needle. Fluid is pulled out into a syringe or
allowed to drip into a collection vial. Following collection,
the needle is removed. If an incision was made, one or two
stitches or skin adhesive may be used to close it.
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Chester, A. E., Dorr, A. E., Lund, K. R., & Wood, L. D. (1992).
Noninvasive measurement of blood pressure in conscious cyn-
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Clapp, N. K., McArthur, A. H., & Carson, R. L. (1987). Visualization and
biopsy of the colon in tamarins and marmosets by endoscopy. Lab.
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Cohen, B. S. (1953). Bone marrow aspiration in the monkey (Macacus
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Crouthamel, B., & Sackett, G. (2004). Oral medication administration:
training monkeys to take juice from a syringe. Lab. Primate Newsl.,
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Fanton, J. W. (2005). Rigid endoscopy. In S. Wolfe-Coote (Ed.), The
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Gaschen, L., & Schuurman, H. J. (2001). Renal allograft vasculopathy:
ultrasound findings in a non-human primate model of chronic
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Geretschlager, E., Russ, H., Mihatsch, W., & Przuntek, H. (1987). Sub-
occipital puncture for cerebrospinal fluid in the common marmoset
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Goodwin, B. T., & Jerome, C. P. (1987). Iliac biopsy for histomorpho-
metric analysis of trabecular bone in cynomolgus monkeys and
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Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis is performed to obtain a sample of pleural
fluid and/or to drain large amounts of fluid for therapeutic
purposes. After the animal is appropriately anesthetized,
the site and the surrounding area is clipped or shaved to
remove hair and then aseptically prepped. Entrance into the
pleural space is detected when pleural fluid aspirates into
the needle. Fluid can be drained by either aspirating with
a syringe or by utilizing suction to facilitate removal. A
thoracic radiograph is usually performed after the proce-
dure to detect possible pathology associated with the
procedure.
REFERENCES
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