Biomedical Engineering Reference
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radicals, toxins, inlammatory material from viral infections and
smoking [37]. Therefore strokes originated by atherothrombosis,
thrombus composed principally of platelets detached from plaque
accumulated in neck and brain principal arteries. Anti-platelets
agents such as aspirin and clopidogrel are used as general therapy.
2.3.2
Cardiogenic Cerebral Embolization
Cerebral arteries embolism occurs as a consequence of ibrin clots
produced by coagulation activation triggered by blood accumulation
due to low blood low rates inside the heart due to arterial ibrillation
and valve diseases [38]. In rare cases, cerebral embolism is produced
by ibrin clots as a result of deep vein thrombosis due to patent
foramen ovale and left to right shunt. Therefore, the treatment
consists in antithrombotic agents and warfarin for the prevention of
thromboembolism.
2.3.3 Lacunar Infarction
Lacunar stroke is in many cases asymptomatic. It is believed that silent
brain infarction (SBI) occurs due to microscopic plaque penetrating
branch proximal [39]. The progress of resistance symptoms to
lacunar infarction treatments is called branch atheromatous disease
(BAD); it is thought that BAD is originated by plaque from full-length
penetrating branch occlusion [40].
2.3.4 Others
Moyamoya disease was named by the research group of Suzuki Jirou
in 1963. For this disease, an abnormal capillary network is observed
in the neighborhood of a stenosis or obstruction that occurs in the
region near the terminal part of both internal carotid arteries and
near the proximal part of anterior or middle cerebral artery. This
disease is more frequent in Japanese people than in populations of
Europe and the United States. It was found in all groups indistinctively
of age; however, the ages with more probability of development of
such diseases are at the age of 5, followed by population with ages
between 30 and 40 years. It was observed that generally it produces
ischemia when developed in young populations and hemorrhage in
adults [1].
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