Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2.1 Cerebral Aneurysms
2.1.1
Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm
The principal cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage comes from
rupture of cerebral aneurysms. It has been reported that this disease
frequency varies from 1.04/100,000 to 20/100,000 persons and
there are big differences on this frequency between regions and
countries [3-5]. Even if the occurrence probability of aneurysm
rupture is extremely low, its death probability is high compared with
other types of cerebral hemorrhage and varies from 10% to 67%
[6-8].
This high disease rate is result of different complications such as
big size of initial rupture, recurrent hemorrhage and hydrocephalus,
delayed cerebral vasospasm, and especially the prognosis of recurrent
hemorrhage due to deterioration [9]. The medical treatments for that
purpose are aneurysm clipping by microsurgery and embolization
through an endovascular treatment, for both of them are needed to
develop a treatment to prevent recurrent hemorrhage.
2.1.2
Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm
The prognosis failure of subarachnoid hemorrhage motivated the
development magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computer
tomography angiography (CTA). With this development, intracranial
blood vessels' depiction became easier. Moreover, the treatment
of unruptured aneurysms became possible. However, deaths were
reported as a result of the prognostic symptoms of the treatment,
and complications were reported for 13.5% of the cases [10].
Aneurysms are classiied into the following:
•
Group 1
: the unruptured aneurysms without medical records
of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
•
Group 2
: the ruptured aneurysms.
Those groups are divided in two groups,
A
and
P
:
•
Group A
:
aneurysms with less than 7
mm localized at internal
carotid artery (ICA), anterior communicating artery (A-comA)
and middle cerebral artery (MCA).
•
Group P
: aneurysms located between ICA and posterior
communicating artery (P-com A), and in vertebrobasilar artery.
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