Biomedical Engineering Reference
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image projected to an X-ray monitor and execute the treatment for
cerebrovascular disease. It is a peculiar restriction to this surgery not
to obtain a clear blood vessel image by originating in the contrast of an
X-ray vision system and the limitation of administering the contrast
medium. Figure 3.37a shows a DSA image taken during surgery. Since
the endovascular intervention is managed under X-ray luoroscopy
as described above, it is preferable that a simulator for endovascular
intervention should be applicable to X-raying and other medical
imaging modalities utilized in this surgery. As a result, the simulation
with the use of the contrast medium is practically achievable under
a similar IVR environment, and then the simulation under above-
mentioned restriction peculiar to this surgery is achievable. Figure
3.37b shows a luoroscopic image of presented solid vascular model
taken by a conventional 2D luoroscope. It is conirmed from this
igure that the vascular model composed of silicone elastomer gives
a satisfactory image. However, it was conirmed that the imaging
condition for obtaining good contrast was somewhat different
from the case of humans, because the X-ray permeability of silicone
elastomer is rather lower than human body.
a)
b)
Figure 3.37
(a) DSA image utilized in endovascular intervention (b)
Fluoroscopic image of presented solid vascular model taken by
conventional 2D roentgenography.
In Fig. 3.37b, as imaging condition, G value and S value were set
to 4.0 and 486, respectively. On the other hand, the result of applying
multi-slice CT imaging to the proposed vascular model is shown in
Fig. 3.38. It is conirmed from this igure that the proposed model
is also applicable to this imaging modality and gives good contrast.
Moreover, it was conirmed that the CT value of silicone elastomer
was 180 HU from this experiment. From this result, when the vascular
model with solid structure is applied for IVR surgical simulation, it is
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