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Glossary
Allogeneic Transplantation of cells or tissues from a donor into a recipient of the same species but a different
strain.
Apoptosis A cellular process of aging and that leads to cell death. This process is initiated by the cell itself.
Autologous transplant Cells or tissue removed from a donor and then given back to the donor.
BMT Bone marrow transplantation.
Cellular therapies The use of grafted or transfused primary human cells into a patient to affect a pathological
condition.
Chondrocytes Cells found in cartilage.
Colony-forming assay Assay carried out in semisolid medium under growth factor stimulation. Progenitor cells
divide, and progeny are held in place so that a microscopically identifiable colony results after two weeks.
Cytokinesis The process occurring after DNA synthesis and resulting in completion of cell division from one
cell into two.
Differentiation The irreversible progression of a cell or cell population to a more mature state. Distinct sets of
genes are expressed and at varying levels in the cells during the differentiation process.
Engraftment The attainment of a safe number of circulating mature blood cells after a BMT.
Extracellular matrix (ECM) An insoluble complex of proteins and carbohydrates found between cells. These
proteins serve to physically connect cell populations and to persistently signal cells to behave in specific ways.
Flow cytometry Technique for cell analysis using fluorescently conjugated monoclonal antibodies which identify
certain cell types. More sophisticated instruments are capable of sorting cells into different populations as they
are analyzed.
Functional subunits The irreducible unit in organs that gives tissue function—that is, alveoli in lung and nephron
in kidney.