Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLe 14.3
Examples.of.Melt.Electrospinning
Processing Conditions
(Temperature/Electric Field
Strength or Applied Voltage/
Collector Distance)
Resulted
Fibers (μm)
Polymers
References
Polypropylene,.PP
220°C-240°C/3-8.kV.cm
−1
/1-3.cm
>50
Larrondo.and.Manley.(1981)
200°C/6-15.kV.cm
−1
/2-5.cm
10-140
Lyons.et.al..(2004)
Polyethylene,.HDPE
200°C-220°C/10-23.kV/1-3.cm
140-190
Larrondo.and.Manley.(1981)
LDPE
315°C-355°C/30-60.kV/5-20.cm
5-33
Deng.et.al..(2009)
Polyethlene.
terephthalate,.PET
270°C/10-15.kV/unknown
3-60
Kim.and.Lee.(2000)
245°C-255°C/25.kV/3-9.cm
10-100
Rajabinejad.et.al..(2009)
Polyamide.(PA)
305°C-345°C/130.kV/45.cm
0.5-20
Malakhov.et.al..(2009)
Poly(methyl.
methacrylate),.PMMA
210°C/15-25.kV/3-9
4-34
Wang.et.al..(2010a)
Polyurethane.(PU)
225°C-243°C/25-35.kV/13-21.cm
5-18
Mitchell.and.Sanders.(2006)
Poly(phospholipids)
200°C/30.kV/6.cm
6.5
Hunley.et.al..(2008)
Polylactic.acid,.PLA
180°C-255°C/17.5.kV/5-40.cm
2-10
Hutmacher.and.Dalton.(2011)
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic.
acid),.PLGA
210°C/17.5.kV/8.cm
15-28
Kim.et.al..(2010)
Polycaprolactone,.PCL/
PEG-b-PCL
60°C-90°C/20.kV/30.cm
0.2-60
Dalton.et.al..(2006a)
90°C/20.kV/10.cm
0.27-2
Dalton.et.al..(2007)
90°C/4-12.kV/2-6.cm
6-33
Detta.et.al..(2010)
electrospinning.technique..By.aligning.the.nanoibers,.they.can.be.easily.singled.out.and.
also.have.potential.for.biomedical.applications..Examples.of.their.potential.include.replac-
ing. highly. oriented. tissue. in. the. medial. layer. of. a. native. artery. and. facilitation. of. nerve.
regeneration.(Lavine.2008,.Sill.and.von.Recum.2008)..Four.techniques.to.align.nanoibers.
will.be.discussed.in.this.chapter..These.include:.cylinder.collectors,.auxiliary.electrodes/
electric.ields,.thin.wheels,.and.frame.collectors.(Figure.14.4).
A. cylinder. collector. (as. opposed. to. a. lat. collector). can. orient. nanoibers. around. the.
circumference.of.the.cylinder..In.order.for.this.to.work,.it.is.necessary.to.have.the.cylinder.
rotating.at.very.high.speeds.up.to.thousands.of.revolutions.per.minute.or.rpms.(Boland.
et. al.. 2001,. Pan. et. al.. 2006).. It. has. been. noted. that. there. is. an. optimum. speed. at. which.
ibers. are. collected. with. fair. alignment.. This. speed. is. when. the. speed. of. the. rotating.
cylinder.surfaces.matches.the.speed.of.the.evaporated.jet.deposition.(Huang.et.al..2003)..
The.optimization.of.this.is.critical.since.slower.speeds.result.in.randomly.oriented.ibers,.
and.faster.speeds.risk.the.chance.of.breaking.the.ibers..An.alternative.to.this.method.is.
collecting.aligned.nanoibers.on.a.rotating.cylinder.by.applying.an.auxiliary.electric.ield..
In.this.case,.a.cylindrical.material.such.as.a.Telon.tube.is.rotated.above.a.charged.grid.
(typically. made. of. aluminum). (Bornat. 1987,. Huang. et. al.. 2003).. Another. idea. similar. to.
this.is.asymmetrically.positioning.a.rotating.and.charged.mandrel.between.two.charged.
plates..This.technique.works.well.for.ibers.with.a.larger.diameter,.but.results.in.random.
orientation.with.smaller.diameter.ibers.(Berry.1989).
A.more.effective.approach.in.achieving.aligned.nanoibers.is.using.a.rotating.thin.wheel.
with. a. tip-like. edge.. This. type. of. edge. concentrates. the. electric. ield,. which. allows. for.
the.nanoibers.to.be.attracted.and.to.wind.continuously.on.the.edge.(Theron.et.al..2001,.
