The Cell–Surface Interaction - Tissue Engineering: Cell-Surface Interactions for Tissue Culture - page 2

GFOGER Glycine-phenylalanine-hydroxyproline-glycine-glutamine-arginine

MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase

mRNA Messenger RNA

MSC Mesenchymal stem cell

RGD Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid

rhBMP-2 Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2

TAN Titanium-6% aluminium-7% niobium

TAV Titanium-4% aluminium-6% vanadium

TGFb Transforming growth factor b

Contents

1 General Introduction............................................................................................................ 2

2 Surface Conditioning upon Implantation of a Device ....................................................... 3

2.1 Initial Interactions upon Implantation........................................................................ 3

2.2 The Role of Integrins ................................................................................................. 4

3 Cell Meets Surface: Factors Involved in the Surface-Dependent Response..................... 6

3.1 Surface Chemistry ...................................................................................................... 6

3.2 Surface Topography.................................................................................................... 11

3.3 Roughness Spectrum................................................................................................... 15

3.4 Mechanotransduction .................................................................................................. 19

4 Tissue-Implant Interface ..................................................................................................... 22

4.1 Interface Structure and Composition ......................................................................... 22

5 Summary and Conclusions.................................................................................................. 25

References.................................................................................................................................. 25

1 General Introduction

Literally thousands of studies exist that have looked to define and control the
cell/tissue-implant interface. The large majority of these stem from the observation
that microrough surfaces are conducive for the naturally occurring phenomenon of
osseointegration (the integration of an implant to bone) and, therefore, focus on
ways to manipulate and control this interaction for determining specific tissue
responses and the magnitude of these responses. The basis of this field of research
is that microrough surfaces will enhance osseointegration; however, this is an
oversimplistic statement. Although it is true that osseointegration can be increased
with microrough surfaces, little consensus exists as to what constitutes a 'rough'
surface. Furthermore, the mechanisms involved in this response are only now
starting to become apparent. Essentially, the cell-material interaction is a complex
relationship with many questions still left unanswered. Several concepts and