Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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neutral carrier system for biochemical processes, how-
ever. Far from this, water is an active participant in
biology, which simply could not and would not work
the way it does without the special mediating proper-
ties of water. Moreover, it is widely believed that water
is the first molecule to contact biomaterials in any
clinical application (
Andrade
et al.
, 1981; Baier, 1978
).
This is because water is the majority molecule in any
biological mixture, constituting 70 wt% or more of
most living organisms, and because water is such a small
and agile molecule, only about 0.25 nm in the longest
dimension. Consequently, behavior of water near sur-
faces and the role of water in biology are very important
subjects in biomaterials science. Some of these impor-
tant aspects of water are discussed here.
3.1.5 Role of water
in biomaterials
Erwin A. Vogler
The primary role water plays in biomaterials is as
a solvent system. Water, the ''universal ether'' (
Baier
and Meyer, 1996
), dissolves inorganic salts and large
organic macromolecules such as proteins or carbohy-
drates (solutes) with nearly equal efficiency (
Pain,
1982
). Water suspends living cells, as in blood, for ex-
ample, and is the principal constituent of the interstitial
fluid that bathes tissues. Water is not just a bland,
