Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
200
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20
0
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9
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f
T
(
Hz
)
PCR
Interpolating dilution of Protein
Exponential dilution of protein
Fig. 4.8
The relationship between completion time of bioassays and f
T
on an 8
8 direct-
addressing biochip
decision-making for the execution of fluidic operations and droplet-routing in
response to detector feedback. We have also incorporated the use of multiple clock
frequencies to accelerate the time-to-response without any adverse impact on elec-
trode reliability. We have used three common laboratorial protocols to demonstrate
that, compared to uncertainty-oblivious biochip synthesis, the proposed dynamic
synthesis approach decreases the likelihood of erroneous reaction outcomes, and it
leads to reduced time-to-result, less repetition of reaction steps, and less wastage of
precious samples and reagents. This work is therefore a step forward towards fully
automated on-chip biochemistry with reliable assay outcomes and low cost.
References
1. B. Hadwen, G. Broder, D. Morganti, A. Jacobs, C. Brown, J. Hector, Y. Kubota, and
H. Morgan, “Programmable large area digital microfluidic array with integrated droplet sensing
for bioassays”,
LabonaChip
, pp. 3305-3313, 2012.
2. Z. Hua, J. Rouse, A. Eckhardt, V. Srinivasan, V. Pamula, W. Schell, J. Benton, T. Mitchell,
and M. Pollack, “Mutiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction on a digital microfluidic
platform”,
Anal. Chem.
, vol. 82, pp. 2310-2316, 2010.
3. S. Park, P. Wijethunga, H. Moonb, and B. Han, “On-chip characterization of cryoprotec-
tive agent mixtures using an EWOD-based digital microfluidic device”,
Lab on a Chip
,
pp. 2212-2221, 2011.
4. M. Schertzer,
Characterization of the Motion and Mixing of Droplets in Electrowetting on
Dielectric Devices
, PhD thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA, 2010.
5. P. Paik, V. Pamula, and R. Fair, “Rapid droplet mixers for digital microfluidic systems”,
Lab
onaChip
, vol. 3, pp. 253-259, 2003.
6. K.
Chakrabarty
and
F.
Su,
Digital
Microfluidic
Biochips:
Synthesis,
Testing,
and
Reconfiguration Techniques
, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006.
