Information Technology Reference
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tagging that is exclusively based on the usage of pen gestures. In contrast, we lever-
age the flexibility of physical paper sheets, which, for instance, can have different
shapes, or can be attached to one another. First, we show how the haptic aspect of
paper can be leveraged for tagging documents using physical index stickers. This
integrates a well-established, highly efficient traditional paper practice with digital
support enabled by a computer interface. Next, we demonstrate further techniques
which imply the use of separate cards for tagging and which make use of printed
buttons. This underscores the variety of interaction styles and the richness that is
possible in paper-based interaction. Then we show that not only documents, but
also collaborative processes can be tagged using tangible tools, and discuss how
this novel type of tagging can support learning and knowledge work. Finally, we
compare the concepts and present the results of user studies.
Chapter 8
summarizes the contents of the topic. We then provide an outlook and
identify opportunities and directions for future research. These include further ex-
ploring the use of paper documents with a range of interactive devices, such as smart
phones and electronic paper. Electronic paper is a highly promising technology that
has the potential to significantly alter the way we work both with traditional paper
and with information on displays. Future work should examine novel interaction
techniques for contents on electronic paper. It should also assess how electronic
paper can be integrated into existing information ecologies. Mobile access to infor-
mation through interactive paper documents requires investigating and exploiting a
class of interactions that only the combination of two portable and pervasive me-
dia like pen-and-paper and mobile phones can support. Moreover, it is still unclear
how digital pen-and-paper applications integrate into large-scale social media, such
as Web 2.0 applications and social networking. We envision that a new range of
innovative lightweight interactions could emerge in these settings. In general, the
field is lacking a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of pen-and-paper
applications. Therefore, here is a clear need for long-term studies.
1.5 How to Read this topic
This topic is written for researchers, students, HCI professionals and IT profession-
als who are interested in Pen-and-Paper User Interfaces. We suggest the following
routes through the topic depending on the background and interest of the reader:
Anyone who wants to get a background of the field
Read chapters 1-2 and 8.2
