Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, or the components
of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring
contaminants.
Water quality. Water quality refers to the chemical, physical and biological
characteristics of water. It is a measure of the condition of water relative to the
requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or pur-
pose. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which
compliance can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess water
quality relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human contact and drinking
water.
Air quality. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is
essential to support life on planet Earth. Air pollution is the introduction into the
atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause dis-
comfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as
food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. Air pol-
lution is a signi
cant risk factor for multiple health conditions. The health effects
caused by air pollution may include dif
culty in breathing, wheezing, coughing
and aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions.
Reservoirs. The natural topography provides most of the basins of the reser-
voirs. Their exploitation is main problem of sustainability of many human life
aspects. Many dammed river reservoirs and most bank-side reservoirs are used
to provide the raw water feed to a water treatment plant which delivers drinking
water through water mains. Main problem is in the protection of water quality.
Fishing. Fishing is the activity of trying to catch
fish. Fish are normally caught
in the wild. Techniques for catching
fish include hand gathering, spearing,
netting, angling and trapping. There are many
fishing techniques or methods for
catching
fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned
with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting. Sustain-
ability problem of
sh. The
fishing include over
fishing by-catch, marine pollution,
environmental effects of
fishing, climate change and
fish farming.
Logging. In common usage, the term
is used to indicate a range of
forestry or silviculture activities. Logging is a dangerous occupation.
“
logging
”
Toxins. A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or
organisms. Man-made substances created by arti
cial processes are thus
excluded. Toxins can be products or byproducts of ordinary metabolism, such as
lactic acid, and they must be broken down or excreted before building up to
dangerous levels. Toxins can facilitate survival, as with snake venom that kills
or immobilizes prey, or cyanide produced by some plants as a defense against
being eaten. Bacterial toxins can sometimes be neutralized with antitoxins.
Toxins may be dangerous to human health.
Waste. There are many waste types de
ned by modern systems which support
human life. Waste can contaminate surface water, groundwater, soil, and air
which cause more problems for humans, other species, and ecosystems. Waste
treatment and disposal produces signi
cant green house gas emissions, notably
methane, which is contributing signi
cantly to global climate change.
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