Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Thus, solution of sustainable development problems needs the global model of
the nature-society system evolution, which can give possibility to consider all the
complex interactions listed above. This requires a participation of specialists in
different areas of science. Unfortunately, global environmental problems are studied
separately. Successful progress in the evolution of global humanity can be achieved
by means of creation International Integrated System for Global Geoinformation
Monitoring (IISGGM) the functional structure of which is based on the evolu-
tionary neurocomputer technology. Such an accomplishment will take into account
the architecture of a modern computer system with assess to a network of evolution
—
type tutorial servers. This will lead to such IISGGM structure that will simulate
the MCBS system with capability of evaluating nature protection measures and
other structural decisions on how human society can best interact with nature.
10.4 Mission to Mars: Reliable Method for Liquid
Solutions Diagnostics
10.4.1 Introduction
The NASA Marshall Space
ight Center, European Space Agency, China National
Space Administration and Russian Space Agency have a long-term vision of
sending a manned mission to Mars in the very near future. For this campaign many
unresolved technical and social problems still remain, such as the creation of
favorable conditions for human health during the
fl
flight and accommodation on this
planet. In this context, negative health effects can be caused by both drinking water
with distorted characteristics and medical products (e.g., solutions) with altered
properties. Ensuring the reliable operational control of these vitally important ele-
ments is one of the main stages during the preparation for the manned mission to
Mars. Such control of liquid solutions in the environment of Mars during ancient
years will be an important stage in the exploration and life support.
Martian drinking water is concentrated in the frozen phase into the soil and as ice
formations. Today, it is known that water on Mars exists almost exclusively as ice,
with a small amount present in the atmosphere as vapour. Results from the recently
published research suggest that the soil of the Martian surface contains water about
2 % by weight. Drinking water extracted from soil or surface ice needs the pre-
liminary investigation and continuous monitoring in time. The implementation of
this procedure is feasible by means of optical methods developed for the Earth
conditions without chemical analysis (Krapivin and Shutko 2012).
Krapivin et al. (2013b, c) showed that the development of multi-channel
polarization optical instruments and the use of spectro-ellipsometric technology are
very important for real-time ecological monitoring of aquatic environment. It
should be mentioned that ef
fl
cient solution of this multi-parametric problem greatly
depends on the precision and simplicity of ellipsometric devices. Recently,
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