Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
In the
first case, many experts around the world identify the globalization with
“
of economics and culture (Friedman 2005). The rest of the
world seems to be following the U.S.A. and leaving behind its own ways of life.
“
Americanization
”
uence that the U.S.A.
has on the culture and economics of other countries, substituting their way of life by
the American way. This process is managed by the many international structures
under the control of the U.S.A. Signi
Americanization
”
is the contemporary term used for the in
fl
cant social networks and international forums
have been organized with the purpose of proliferating capitalist interests. Some of
these forums date from earlier in the twentieth century, such as the International
Chamber of Commerce, the International Organization of Employers, Center for
Environmental Diplomacy, and the Bretton Woods Committee. They were created
as a speci
c response to questions about globalization (Furth 1965; Devkota 2005).
These and other organizations and forums continue to attend to the interests of
developed countries in 21st century as well.
Reformists of global social democracy put forward the theory of neoliberal
globalization which proposes the transformation of social ambience in the world. The
countries of the Former Soviet Union have fully faithful negative consequences of
this theory. Therefore, the question
“
”
is becoming principal
question today. Many experts see it as a primary economic phenomenon involving
the increasing integration of national economic systems through the growth in
international trade, investment, and capital flows. Other experts define globalization
as social, cultural, political, and technological exchanges between countries. As the
result two alternatives were formed: anti-globalization and pro-globalization.
The alternatives to globalization promoted by anti-globalists include different
approaches to the dynamics of world structure:
what is globalization?
recognition of importance of free trade and investment for economic growth and
development, but there also exist data that trade and investment have in fact
increased poverty and inequality;
sustainable development is best achieved through a single framework, inte-
grating environmental protection and the promotion of economic growth and
social equity;
innovation is necessary for sustainable living;
support of the accumulation of power at the local level;
implementation of trade barriers to protect local production and renunciation of
international trade unless goods or services cannot be produced locally;
free trade usually bene
ts wealthy countries at the expense of poor countries;
and
environmental protection is the key to sustainable development and is impera-
tive for economic development.
The argument of pro-globalization groups is based on the promotion of free trade
as the key to eliminating poverty and ensuring effective development and that
market instruments such as intellectual property rights are necessary to protect the
environment and promote development. Supporters of globalization argue that it
can be rolled back and point to the period between the First and Second World
Search WWH ::
Custom Search