Operational Diagnostics, Estimation of the Scale of Damage and Aftermath Reduction of the Stressful Natural Processes - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 771

respect to the biological unit of the marine EES, economic and demographic units
simulate an external load in the form of pollutions, extraction of bioresources,
transformation of the habitat. Information about changes of the quality of the
marine environment, decrease of the size and diversity of populations of sea ani-
mals serves as a feedback in the model, which, of course, re

fl ects on the economic

activity of EES.
The demographic unit models the power and the kinds of the external forcings
on the natural EES. The input characteristics of the unit re

ect the need of popu-
lation for economic and biological resources as well as the quality of the envi-
ronment. The output parameters of this unit are really consumed resources,
population size and an amount of pollutants emitted to the environment.
The economic unit describes complicated feedbacks between the EES elements,

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re ecting correlations between input and output parameters of the remaining units

as functions of the economic strategy of the system. The biological unit re

fl

ects the
composition of biotic communities and their trophic structure. The concrete model
realization of all elements of the scheme in Fig. 9.26 is connected with the use of
the models of partial processes described by many scientists (Krapivin and
Kondratyev 2002; Sarancha 1995; Abakumov 1993; Polishchuk 1992; Ougolnitsky
1999; Ougolnitsky et al. 2000).

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9.5.3 Simulation Model of the Ecologo-Economic System

The most widely used method of the ecologo-economic analysis is a simulation
modeling which makes it possible to combine, for joint studied, the data of natural
and social sciences and to create a computer version of the system of the EES
management. This approach and its adequate application in concrete situations have
been re

ected in many studies accomplished by various scientists. For instance,
Gorstko and Ougolnitsky (1990) described two approaches to study the EES using
the numerical models. The

fl

first approach is based on the concepts of the optimi-
zation theory and consists in synthesis of the numerical model of the process. This
model relates the internal (endogenis) and external (exogenis) factors of the EES
functioning. The problem is to determine the management of the process of the EES
functioning, which provide an extremum of some functional that characterizes the
quality of management. In a general case, the solution of this problem is reduced to
mathematical programming or game theory.
The second approach is connected with simulation modeling. Here a set of
models of some functions of EES and expert parameterizations (scenarios) is cre-
ated, which forms the basis of the simulation experiment on the search of an
optimal management of the system. The simulation model is more complicated
compared with the numerical model, it has a greater dimensionality, contains a
multitude of non-linear direct couplings and feedbacks between the variables. As a
rule, the simulation model has more ciency of

the expert choice of the controlling functions to optimize the EES functioning.

fl flexible capabilities to assess the ef