The Arctic Environmental Problems - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 552

explained by the location of sources of radio-nuclear pollutants only. It is possible
that the variations in the value and position of maximal 137 Cs concentration are
caused by the high turbulence in the river system and by the existence of reservoirs
and eddies. The AYRSSM gives only averaged results. The fourth level blocks in
the AYRSSM structure are necessary for the description of hydrological processes
with x < 100 m.

The computer experiments show that the input of radio-nuclear pollution to the
Kara Sea from the Yenisey River has a stable value with dispersion equal to

ʔ

32 %.
The role of the AYRS ecosystem in the process of transformation of radio-nuclear
pollution is neglected as small (<3 %). The vertical transport by organisms varies
from 0.1 to 0.7 %. Such calculations can be accomplished in the framework of
different scenarios.
Figure 6.15 shows a distribution of heavy metals concentration along the AYRS
constructed by means of computer experiment. We see that there are three maxima of
heavy metals concentrations located at distances from Lake Baikal of 200, 1200 and
2000 km. This is the result of the distribution of pollution sources along the river
system. The AYRS neutralizes the pollutants over a distance of 600

±

1,000 km from
the source. The locations of the maxima vary as a function of the river

-

fl ow rate. For

the flow data of Fig. 6.14 this variation is 150 km. The river system transforms the

pollutant

fl

flow such that input into the Kara Sea is estimated at a pollution level which
is less than 2 % of the maximal concentration of pollutant in the AYRS.
Figure 6.16 shows how spatial distribution of oil hydrocarbons is changed 30
and 50 years after t 0 when its concentration is zero and processes of transformation
of oil products are postulated. Results of simulation experiments show that the
functional stabilization over the whole Arctic Basin takes 32 months. The con-
centration of heavy metals in the compartments

fl

Ω R ∪Ω P (river mouths and ports)
exceeds 6 times their level in the Central Basin and twice the level in Ω B ∪Ω ʓ ∪Ω N

Fig. 6.15 Distribution of heavy metals concentration in water (dashed line) and in sediments
(solid line) as function of distance x from Lake Baikal. The signs correspond to the

measured concentrations of metals in the water and sediments, respectively. The quantities
Y w =[e w (x)+

“ 0 ” and “ + ”

w (0)] and Y * =[e * (x)+

* (x)]/[e * (0) + * (0)]

ʨ w (x)]/[e w (0) + ʨ ʨ ʨ