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a complex model of the water circulation in the Arctic Basin;
regional models of the water circulation in the Arctic seas;
a model of the kinetics of radionuclides, heavy metals and organic pollutants in
the trophic structures of the Arctic marine ecosystems;
a model of the spread of a pollutant concentration from a point-like source in the
near-coastal zone of the Arctic Basin;
a model of the transfer of radionuclides, heavy metals and organic pollutants due
to vertical mixing of the Arctic waters;
a model of the conservation and release processes due to freezing and thawing
of the ice cover.
(4) Modeling the Arctic ecosystems under conditions of anthropogenic impacts.
Anthropogenic in
uence in the Arctic Basin and on adjacent territories is connected
with local, regional and global activities. Therefore, it is necessary to work out the
following models:
fl
models for the in
uence of radionuclides, heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons
upon the dynamics of the marine ecosystems under Arctic climate conditions;
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models for the limiting of vegetation cover due to the different types of pollution
that are brought to the land ecosystems with precipitation and surface
fl
ows;
models for the dynamics of vegetation covers subjected to a physical in
fl
uence;
models/scenarios for the town and settlement structures under development;
models/scenarios for the changes in area of the traditional seasonal regions of
activity of the nomadic population; and
models/scenarios for the social development of the scattered peoples in the Far
North.
(5) Modeling the biogeochemical carbon cycle in the
“
Atmosphere/Arctic
Ocean
system. As has been shown by the experience of modeling the carbon
dioxide global cycle, the estimations of the role of the World Ocean in redundant
carbon absorption are rather rough (Nitu et al. 2004). For the models to be more
precise, they need to be reinforced by more reliable parameterizations of the
physical processes, related to the interaction between the bordering layers of the
and the Arctic aquatories. According to numerous laboratory and natural obser-
vations, the directivity of these processes depends considerably on many factors.
The most signi
”
cant of these are the speed of the driving wind, the presence of ice
cover and the vertical distribution pro
le of the water temperature. A complex
composition of these factors determines the variety of possible models and their
details. One of the signi
flow of seaweeds
during the spring season and hence to construct a parameterization system for the
dynamics of photosynthetic processes under conditions of snow and ice covers
along with their spring thawing.
(6) Development of a complex model for the functioning of the hydrologic and
biogeochemical systems in Arctic. In addition to the model set intended for local
and fragmentary processes in the Arctic ecosystems, as well as for understanding
their global role, it is necessary to synthesize a single model for the whole complex
cant problems is to explain the powerful
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