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well as to discuss measures needed to prevent undesirable consequences of such
impacts. An important result of IPCC efforts was the development of the FCCC.
The third Conference of representatives of FCCC signatory powers in Kyoto in
December 1997 ended with signing the Kyoto Protocol, the most important part of
which consists in recommendations of the levels of CO
2
emissions reduction by the
countries listed in Appendix 1 of the KP (Table
5.1
). Relevant discussions were
focused mainly on discussion of economic consequences of emissions reduction
and ignored the problem of substantiation of recommended levels of reduction,
Table 5.1 The KP recommendations on CO
2
emissions reduction by different countries by the
years 2008
-
2012 (compared to 1990 levels) (Najam and Sagar 1998)
Level of
emissions
(%)
Countries
Annual emis-
sions of CO
2
(10
3
Per-capita
GDP (US$)
Per-capita
CO
2
emis-
sions (tons)
CO
2
emissions
per unit GDP
(t/10
3
US$)
t)
Some countries from the list of Appendix 1
108
Australia
288,965
16,516
16.91
0.98
94
Canada
462,643
19,705
17.44
0.81
92
Czechia
165,792
3,049
16.00
5.25
92
France
366,536
20,966
6.49
0.31
92
Germany
1,014,155
21,861
12.76
0.59
92
Ireland
30,719
11,349
8.77
0.68
92
Japan
1,155,000
24,205
9.35
0.39
92
Luxemburg
11,343
34,614
30.41
1.10
99
The
Netherlands
174,000
18,939
11.22
0.61
100
New Zealand
25,476
12,192
7.61
0.59
101
Norway
35,514
26,387
8.37
0.31
94
Poland
414,930
1,459
10.87
7.04
92
Portugal
42,148
6,774
4.00
0.63
100
Russia
2,388,720
3,897
16.11
4.13
92
England
577,012
16,723
10.08
0.59
93
USA
4,957,022
22,046
19.83
0.90
Some countries not recorded
Brazil
197,905
2,877
1.34
0.41
China
2,340,635
313
2.06
6.60
India
681,248
347
0.80
2.28
Indonesia
213,422
613
1.20
1.87
Iran
187,986
2,139
3.37
1.56
Mexico
313,826
2,856
3.76
1.27
South Korea
243,434
5,875
5.68
0.96
South Africa
294,107
2,758
7.93
2.76
Notation GDP gross domestic production
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