Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
fluxes of carbon at the lower boundary of the UQL (H
UPL
) and the
upper boundary of thermocline (HT)
T
) are described by the functions:
The turbulent
fl
V
i
þ
dh
i
=
C
i
C
i
ð
dt
Þ
for
dh
i
=
dt
þ
V
i
[
0
;
H
UPL
¼
dh
i
=
dt
þ
V
i
0
0
for
V
i
þ
dh
i
=
C
i
C
i
ð
dt
Þ
for
dh
i
=
dt
þ
V
i
0
;
H
T
¼
0
for
dh
i
=
dt
þ
V
i
[
0
where C
i
and C
i
are the concentrations of inorganic carbon in the UQHL and
thermocline, respectively, hi
i
is the UQL depth of the i-th zone of the ocean
(depends on the season), V
i
is the water lifting (in upwelling) or lowering (in
downwelling) (0.001
0.1 cm/s).
-
The turbulent
fl
fluxes of carbon on the thermocline
—
deep ocean border is con-
sidered to be proportional to the coef
cient kT
T
of the difference of carbon con-
centrations in the bordering layers:
H
TF
¼ k
T
C
i
C
i
;
i ¼ 1
:
14
where C
i
is the concentration of inorganic carbon in the deep ocean of the i-th zone.
Production and circulation of organic carbon in the ocean have been studied in
detail and parameterized by many authors. In the model by Nefedova and Tarko
(1993) the following approximations have been assumed:
B
i
¼ B
i
f
1
þ d
i
1
ð
Þ= d
i
þ
1
ð
Þ
sin wt
p=
ð
2
Þ
g
for
u 2
½60
N
90
N
[
½60
S
90
S
;
;
;
ð
i ¼ 1
;
14
Þ;
B
i
¼ B
i
f
1
þ d
i
1
ð
Þ= d
i
þ
1
ð
Þ
sin 2wt
p=
ð
2
Þ
g
for
u 2
½10
N
60
N
[
½10
S
60
S
;
;
;
ð
i ¼ 2
6
;
9
13
Þ;
B
i
¼ B
i
;
u 2
0
10
N
0
10
S
for
½
;
[
½
;
;
ð
i ¼ 7
;
8
Þ;
10
9
t/year),
where B
i
is the average annual production of phytoplankton (150
ʴ
I
is the ratio of maximum and minimum values of the rate of organic matter production.
Organic matter produced in the UQHL decomposes and descends to deeper
layers. Let B
1d
550
×
-
i
, B
2d
i
and B
3d
i
be the rates of the organic matter decomposition in the
UQHL, thermocline, and deep ocean, respectively;
the ratio of the average
annual amount of organic matter decomposing in the UQHL to the average annual
production of phytoplankton,
ʳ—
˄—
the lag time of the organic matter decomposition,
D
—
an average depth of the ocean (3,653
3,795 m), H
—
the depth of the ther-
-
mocline bottom (30
200 m). Then
-
DE
B
i
ð
t
sÞ;
ð
i ¼ 1
B
1p
B
1d
i
B
2d
i
¼
ð
1
cÞð
H
h
i
Þ=ð
D
h
i
Þ
¼
c
14
Þ
;
;
:
DE
B
1p
B
3d
i
¼
ð
1
cÞð
D
H
Þ=ð
D
h
i
Þ
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