Ecoinformatics Problems of the World Ocean - New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science: Applications and Decision-making - page 276

from the equator, and in deep layers the water flows in the opposite direction

(Fig. 1.27 ). Over each water basin, the atmosphere is simulated by a point model.
The carbon exchange between the zones of the atmosphere takes place due to
advection H i

fl

and turbulent diffusion H i :

cos

H i ¼ H i þ H i H i ¼ 2 R 0 h a V i C i C i þ 1 ; ð i ¼ 1 : 14 Þ; p / i ;

cos

H i ¼½2 R 0 A h h a =D/ i C i C i þ 1 p / i ;

where C i ¼ M i = V i is the concentration of carbon in the i-th zone of the atmo-

sphere, M i is the carbon mass in the i-th zone of the atmosphere, V i

is the volume

of the i-th zone of the atmosphere, R 0 is the Earth ˕ i is the latitude of the

southern boundary of the i-th zone, h a is the altitude of the atmosphere (10 km), Vi i
is the average velocity of the meridian transport of air masses in the atmosphere
(0.2

' is radius,

cient (10 5 m 2 /s).
The CO 2 exchange on the atmosphere-ocean border is described by the tradi-
tional law:

1.0 m/s), A h is the coef

-

;

H a0
i

¼ k ð u i Þ P i P i

where

P i ¼ k a M i RT i S 1

1

l ;

i

cient depending on wind speed, P i and P i are partial
pressures of CO 2 in the i-th zone of the atmosphere and the ocean respectively, k a is
the share of the 100 m air column mass in the mass of a 10 km column (

k(u i ) is the proportion coef

≈ 0.01602),

), T i

R is the universal gas constant (8.31451 J/mol/ is the air temperature at the

К

, T as
i

level of the ocean in the i-th zone T i ¼ T as T i þ D is the seasonal temper-

i

T i is the average annual change of air temperature caused by
the increased CO 2 content in the atmosphere.
A SST change is assumed to take place in phase with a change of air temperature
by the same value:

ature component, D

T i ¼ T os T i þ D

i

The partial pressure of CO 2 dissolved in the surface waters is proportional to its
concentration in the water and inversely proportional to its solubility. This
dependence is established by solving the system of Eqs. ( 4.12 ) and ( 4.13 ) that
describe the functioning of the ocean carbonate system. For the quantitative solu-
tion of this system one can use, for instance, the methods of secants. As a result, we
obtain [CO 2 ] and P i . Based on the data on the temperature dependence of the
equilibrium constants for the respective chemical reactions, we nd:

;

P i ¼ P i C i ; T i i ¼ 1 : 14