Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
The application of microwave range for the atmosphere diagnostics can not be
effective without the creation of measurement data processing systems. Such sys-
tems are based on simulation models that make reconstructing atmospheric char-
acteristics possible by making good use of multichannel sensing data. What is more,
the obligatory presence of the optical and IR ranges between the channels of such
systems results in an essential gain in monitoring system informativeness.
In framework of the GIMS technology application, a simulation system for the
atmosphere pollution physics (SSAPP) was designed as the experimental system for
the control and identi
cation of sources polluting the atmosphere basin (Krapivin
et al. 1996, 1997a, b; Bondur et al. 2009). The SSAPP is intended to reconstruct
multi-component non-stationary pollutant
fields and identify local pollutant sour-
ces. The SSAPP uses the procedure of adaptive synthesis of simulation model
describing the three-components of pollution
field as basic algorithm. This proce-
dure consists in dynamic development of the simulation model as a result of esti-
mating the divergence between model output and data registered by means of
measuring devices in various ranges of electromagnetic spectrum.
Putting current a priory information about the coordinates of measuring devices,
pollutant sources, and parameters into a simulation model is brought about through
coordination with a topographical map of the territory being controlled. The model
optimization and ranges set control are realized with consideration of the presence
database and available technical resources. The system is adapted automatically to
the spatial scales of territory the pollution of which is simulated. The set of tasks
solved by the SSAPP includes:
•
calculation of in
fl
uence area for each source included in the system database;
•
determination of sensitivity area for each measuring device;
•
reconstruction of spatial distribution of pollutants;
•
identi
cation of the causes behind dangerous pollution zones arizing;
•
search of unknown pollution sources.
The SSAPP foundation is set of models describing the atmosphere dynamics and
contaminants spreading over the restricted territory up to whole planet. The meso
and micro levels can be imitated by a set of Gaussian models, the choice of which
depends on the parameters provided by the monitoring system
s database. Global-
and macro-levels of the atmospheric contaminants spreading are described with the
models of Euler and Lagrange types.
'
2.8 Microwave Radiometry in Remote Monitoring
of the Ocean
The formation of radiothermal
field emission of the ocean in the microwave range
depends on the water temperature and salinity, surface roughness, concentration of
chlorophyll and other components of oceanic environment. Remote registration of
this
field demands to take into account also such factors as evaporation, precipitation,
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