Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
foam-formation, cloudiness, intensity variations of direct and scattered solar radia-
tion. That is why the design of microwave remote monitoring systems on the base of
registration of ocean emission in microwave range comes to the solution of set of
complex mathematical tasks. Parameters re
fl
ecting the state of the atmosphere-ocean
system have an important in
fl
uence on how the spatial structure of the radiothermal
field of this system is formed. So, outside zones of rain, snow and hail clouds when
for wavelength
cant,
phenomenological theory of radiation transmission is applied to determine the
radiobrightness temperatures, T
j
, for the atmosphere-ocean system. In zones of drop
clouds presence, relative contribution of scattering processes for the emission on
wavelength
ʻ ≥
0.8 cm total absorption by the atmosphere is insigni
field {T
j
} consists from 5 to 50 %. This
means that in these zones the scattering effects are to be taken into account under the
microwave radiometry data processing received from the ocean surface.
In common case, when the registration of T
j
is realized by satellite-based system
from the height H under the observation angle
ʻ ≥
0.8 cm to the formation of
ʸ
respect to the local vertical for
wavelength
the following functional correlation of radiobrightness temperature
with thermodynamic and physical characteristics of atmosphere-ocean system is
valid (Savorskij 1992):
ʻ
Z
Q
2
ð
u
Þ
du
þ
Q
3
Z
1
0
H
T
j
ðk; hÞ
¼
Q
1
þ
cos
1
h
Q
4
ð
u
Þ
du
;
ð
2
:
7
Þ
0
where
Q
1
¼
j
k
T
SO
exp½
s
k
0
ð
;
H
Þ=
cos
h;
Þ
cos
1
Q
2
¼ T
ðÞc
k
ðÞ
exp½
s
k
u
;
H
ð
h;
Þ
cos
1
h
cos
1
Q
3
¼
ð
1
j
k
Þ
exp½
s
k
0
ð
;
H
h;
ð
cos
1
Q
4
¼ T
ðÞc
k
ðÞ
exp½
s
k
0
;
h;
ʳ
ʻ
(u) is the total relaxation coef
cient by the atmosphere on the altitude u, T(u) is
the thermodynamic temperature on the altitude u,
ʺ
ʻ
is the surface emittive ability,
T
SO
is the ocean surface temperature,
˄
ʻ
(u
1
,u
2
) is the optical thickness of atmo-
sphere layer situated between the levels u
1
and u
2
on the wavelength
ʻ
:
Z
u
2
s
k
ð
u
1
;
u
2
Þ
¼
c
k
ð
z
Þ
dz
:
u
1
Formula (
2.7
) is basic for the calculation of the ocean parameters using the
measurements {T
j
}. The variety of modi
cations of expression
(
2.4
) is determined by the radiation models set of the atmosphere-ocean system,
where the dependencies
ʺ
ʻ
and
ʳ
ʻ
from the parameters of this system have theoretical
cations and simpli
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