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value and dispersion to be connected with the Gaussian distribution law of drops
according to the orientations of wind
field parameters (Zagorin 1999). It was dis-
covered that when dispersion of drops orientation less 30 % theoretical and
experimental estimations of
are similar in the value. It allows to use the devel-
oped models of rain in practice.
The atmosphere microwave control supposes the existence of radiation source in
the microwave range. Such a source can be Sun, the radio-emission of which in its
calm state (when the
ʔ
fl
flashes are absent) within the frequency region
ʻ ∈
[2,100]
10
4
] K. Non-polarized microwave
radiation of Sun is relaxed and polarized by the rain, and average relation S
2
/
S
1
≈
10
3
, 1.5
GHz can be characterized by T
j
∈
[5
×
×
0.0528. The radiometers dislocation and choice of its ranges for such
microwave source is actual task of present radiophysics. This task is combined with
the formation of T
j
level on the radiometer output as the function of
fields com-
position on its antenna. This composition depends on the character of litter surface
the repeated re
ections of radiowaves from which are to take into account under the
solution of inverse task arising in the atmosphere radiometry. In the conditions
when the atmosphere-litter surface system has a symmetry by the azimuth, and
when emitting and scattering atmosphere particles are oriented chatically, and the
litter surface is mirrory- or diffusely- re
fl
ecting, then S
1
≠
0, S
2
≠
0, S
3
= S
4
=0.
When the symmetry by the azimuth is absent, and when atmosphere particles have
the orientation direction differing from vertical, and when spreading surface
roughness is characterized by the asymmetrical distribution of slopes we receive:
S
1
≠
fl
s parameter S
4
which characterizes
the polarization ellipticity, becomes unequal to zero when the radiothermal emis-
sion undergoes no less two-fold scattering into the hydrometers volume or on the
surface roughness (Zagorin 1999).
An important stage in precipitation monitoring is clearly optimizing registered
radiation frequencies. This was partly done by Sasaki et al. (1989), who based on
measurements showed that the frequencies near 1 GHz are the most informative.
This result is corroborated by the curves given in Figs.
2.28
and
2.29
.
The perspectivism of the radiophysical methods used for the design of an
atmospheric control system is substantiated by the many theoretical and empirical
investigations. The basic problem consists in forming a knowledge base to maintain
correlations between atmospheric characteristics (properties) and the behavior of
electromagnetic waves inside the atmosphere. The basis on which atmospheric
process models have been built re
0, S
2
≠
0, S
3
≠
0, S
4
≠
0. The fourth Stock
'
ecting the combinations of spatiotemporal scales
is again an important element in the study of these correlations.
As it follows from the investigations by Yakovlev (2001) effective methodics of
the atmosphere monitoring system design is connected with the radio occultation
studies of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The setup necessary to bring about such
measurements is based on placing the transmitter on a satellite orbiting Earth and
placing the receiver on a geostationary satellite. As result such structure secures
continuous regime of atmosphere vertical transection with the obtaining of its
parameters distribution by the altitude. The task is reduced to identifying the values
fl
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