Geoscience Reference
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Fig. 2.24 The
radiobrightness temperature
spectra for Greet Tolbachik
Volcano. Notations: 1
—
fresh
lava flow, 2
—
isothermic cold
lavas, 3
—
slag fields with the
presence of subsurface
moisture (Borodin and
Krapivin 1998)
The problem of temperature anomalies diagnosis demands the development of
speci
c algorithms for the data processing. Joint use of microwave radiometers and
model of atmosphere-soil-vegetation system allow to have the ef
cient technology
to solve this problem. Microwave observations provide estimates of the vertical
pro
les of temperature in the ground as a result of the dependence of effectively
emitted layer on wavelength. Two wavelengths are normally used in practice.
Applied model describing the temperature pro
le is based on the assumption about
the pro
le form. Thus, the effectiveness of microwave radiometry for thermal
source detection and intensity measurement depends on just how adequate this
assumption is. The minimum temperature gradient determined from the radiation
data at two wavelengths is approximately 0.3
cm
−
1
. Note that effectiveness of
microwave range is much higher then infrared radiometry due to the ability of
electromagnetic microwaves for penetration into a soil.
1
°
-
2.7 The Atmosphere Microwave Monitoring
The present state of industrial technologies, energy supply, and transportation
worldwide coupled with the, growing number of massive industrial complexes are in
continuous con
ict with ecological standards for natural environment quality, lead-
ing to greater risks of accidents, anthropogenic and natural catastrophes, and natural
disasters in many parts of the world. All of which highlights the necessity for unin-
terrupted control of the most vulnerable environment subsystem
fl
the atmosphere.
A role of microwave methods to solve this problem consists in the expansion of the
atmosphere monitoring system functions basing on the optical control principles.
Since the atmosphere is almost limpid for many radio waves its effectiveness under
the atmosphere parameters measurement turn out to be insigni
—
cant especially in the
local scales. Nevertheless, numerous experimental investigations using a
fl
flying
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