Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
behaviour with respect to social and environmental externalities, e.g.
heritage and landscape conservation, that are not taken into account
by conventional economics
• Rebates,
rewards and
surety bonds
Rebates and rewards are a form of financial incentive to encourage
individuals and businesses to act in certain ways. Similarly, surety
bonds can be used to ensure that businesses act in agreed ways, if
they don't then the government will spend the money for the same
purpose
• Vouchers
Vouchers are a mechanism to affect consumer behaviour by
providing a discount on a specific product or activity, e.g. to shop in
a rural centre
Non-
intervention
Government deciding not to directly intervene in sectoral or regional
development is also a policy instrument, in that public policy is what
government decides to do and not do. In some cases the situation
may be such that government may decide that policy objectives are
being met so that their intervention may not add any net value to the
rural development process and that resources could be better spent
elsewhere
Source: after Hall and Jenkins (1998:29-32)
• Non-
intervention
(deliberate)
CONCLUSION
This chapter has provided a broad overview of the tourism and recreation planning and
policy process. It has noted the various strands of tourism planning, and emphasised the
particular contribution of geographers to the physical/spatial, community and sustainable
approaches to tourism planning.
The reasons for focusing on tourism which is not as well developed or articulated in
local, regional and national development plans beyond statements and broad objectives
contrasts with recreational planning which has a much longer history of development and
application. In fact if the experience of urban areas is considered, one can see the
emergence of recreational planning in the nineteenth century in the UK with the role of
the public sector in park development, the provision of libraries and other items to meet
the wider public good. What geographers have contributed to recreational planning is the
synthesis and analysis of good practice, rather than being actively involved as academics,
beyond a research role, to assist public and private sector bodies in locational analysis
and land use planning. This chapter has therefore placed a great deal of emphasis on the
importance of policy analysis, especially from a descriptive approach. This does not
mean that prescription is without value, rather it argues that prescription must be seen in
context, with particular reference to those who are in any way affected by policy
statements.
In looking at the application of policy analysis to tourism issues we have therefore
almost come full circle. The interests which have long concerned tourism and recreation
geographers that are applied and relevant to the needs of the subjects of our research
remain, and it is to these issues that we will return in the final chapter.
