TOURISM AND RECREATION PLANNING AND POLICY - The Geography of Tourism and Recreation - page 422

QUESTIONS
• Is there anything that makes planning for tourism distinct from other forms of planning?
• Why is recreation planning such an integral component of resource management?
• What are the institutional arrangements for tourism and recreation in your country?
Describe them and their interrelationships between the national, regional and local
level.
• What is the appropriate relationship between government and the tourism industry in
the formulation of tourism policy?
READING
There are several classic works that relate to tourism planning. In particular see Gunn
(2002) and Murphy (1985, 1988). For a traditional approach to resort and tourism
planning see
Inskeep, E. (1991) Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach, New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hall (2000a) is a theoretically informed work which attempts to integrate planning and policy
concerns at different scales of analysis. More practical guides to tourism planning and dealing
with stakeholders include
Hall, C.M. and McArthur, S. (1998) Integrated Heritage Management, London: The Stationery
Office.
Murphy, P.E. and Murphy, A.E. (2004) Strategic Management for Tourism Communities: Bridging
the Gaps, Clevedon: Channel View.
On community development see
Singh, S., Timothy, D. and Dowling, R. (eds) (2003) Tourism in Destination Communities,
Wallingford: CAB International.
There is relatively little useful work on international dimension of tourism policy,
although the aftermath of 9/11 has meant a focus on issues of security in particular. See
Hall, C.M. (2000a) 'Travel safety, terrorism and the media: The significance of the issue-attention
cycle', Current Issues in Tourism, 5(5): 458-66.
Hall, C.M., Timothy, D. and Duval, D. (2003) 'Security and tourism: Towards a new under
standing?' Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 15(2-3): 1-18.
Hall, C.M., Duval, D. and Timothy, D. (eds) (2004) Safety and Security in Tourism: Relationships,
Management and Marketing, New York: Haworth Press.
Timothy, D.J. (2001) Tourism and Political Boundaries, London: Routledge.
Timothy, D.J. (2004) 'Political boundaries and regional cooperation in tourism', in A.Lew,
C.M.Hall and A.Williams (eds) Companion to Tourism, Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 584-95.
A useful work on British tourism policy is
Church, A., Ball, R., Bull, C. and Tyler, D. (2000) 'Public policy engagement with British tourism:
The national, local and the European Union', Tourism Geographies, 2(3): 312-36.
Other works with more of a recreational planning emphasis include
Cope, A., Doxford, D. and Probert, C. (2000) 'Monitoring visitors to UK countryside resources:
The approaches of land and recreation resource management organisations to visitor
monitoring', Land Use Policy, 17:59-66.
Ferreira, S. and Harmse, A. (1999) 'The social carrying capacity of Kruger National Park, South
Africa: Policy and practice', Tourism Geographies, 1(3): 325-42.
Wezenaar, H. (1999) 'Leisure land-use planning and sustainability in the new town of Almere, The
Netherlands', Tourism Geographies, 1(4): 460-76.